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Ukulandela ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo nezinguquko zesitifiketi, asisancomi izihlungi ze-Pur. Sinamathela kwezinye izinketho.
Uma ufuna indlela elula yokuthola amanzi okuphuza ahlungiwe ekhaya, sincoma Isihlungi se-Brita Elite esibhangqwe ne-Brita Standard 10-cup pitcher noma (uma ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa amanzi amaningi) i-Brita-cup 27-cup. Umshini wokukhipha amanzi i-Ultramax. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukhethe noma iyiphi yazo, yazi ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yocwaningo lokuhlungwa kwamanzi asekhaya, sikholelwa ukuthi izihlungi ezingaphansi kukasinki noma ezingaphansi kompompi ziyinketho engcono kakhulu. Zihlala isikhathi eside, zilethe amanzi ahlanzekile ngokushesha, zinciphisa ukungcola, mancane amathuba okuba zivale, futhi zithatha imizuzu kuphela ukuzifaka.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ezingaphezu kuka-30 ze-ANSI/NSF—ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi ekilasini layo—futhi iklanyelwe ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha phakathi kokushintshwa. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Iketela lesignesha le-Brita lichaza kakhulu isigaba seketela lesihlungi futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunamanye amamodeli e-Brita amaningi.
Isikhiphi samanzi sase-Brita siphethe amanzi anele osuku olulodwa lomndeni omkhulu, futhi umpompi waso ongavuzi kulula ngokwanele ukuba izingane ziwusebenzise.
Abahlinzeki be-LifeStraw bafakazelwe ukuthi basusa ukungcola okuningi, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi izihlungi zabo zimelana kakhulu nokuvaleka kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi esisihlolile.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kuka-30 (ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi ekilasini layo) futhi yakhelwe ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha phakathi kokushintshwa. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Izihlungi ze-Brita Elite ziyizihlungi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-Brita futhi zinezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF zokuhlunga ukungcola okuningi kunanoma isiphi esinye isihlungi esifunzwa amandla adonsela phansi esike sasihlola, okuhlanganisa umthofu, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-PFOA ne-PFAS nokunye. Ukungcola” okutholakala ngokwandayo emanzini ompompi. Iphila amalitha angu-120, noma izinyanga eziyisithupha, okuyimpilo ephindwe kathathu kunezinye izihlungi eziningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungenza ama-Elite ashibhe ukusebenzisa kunesihlungi esivame kakhulu. isihlungi sezinyanga ezimbili. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba kudlule izinyanga eziyisithupha, inzika emanzini ingase iwavale. Uma wazi ukuthi amanzi akho kampompi ahlanzekile, kodwa ukuze uthuthukise ukunambitheka kwawo, ikakhulukazi amanzi anokunambitheka kwe-chlorine, sebenzisa i-Brita pitcher evamile. Isihlungi sishibhile futhi mancane amathuba okuthi sivale, kodwa asiqinisekisiwe ukuthi siqukethe umthofu nanoma imaphi amakhemikhali ezimboni. ukuxhumana.
Iketela lesignesha le-Brita lichaza kakhulu isigaba seketela lesihlungi futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunamanye amamodeli e-Brita amaningi.
Phakathi kwamabhodlela amaningi amanzi e-Brita, intandokazi yethu yi-Brita Standard Everyday Water Bottle 10 Cup. Idizayini yama-nooks ne-crannies yenza ukuhlanza kube lula kunezinye izimbiza ze-Brita, futhi isivalo sesandla esisodwa senza ukugcwalisa kube lula nakakhulu. Isibambo saso esimise okwe-C esigobile sikhululekile kakhulu kunesibambo esimise okwe-angular esitholakala kumabhodlela amaningi e-Brita.
Isikhiphi samanzi sase-Brita siphethe amanzi anele osuku olulodwa lomndeni omkhulu, futhi umpompi waso ongavuzi kulula ngokwanele ukuba izingane ziwusebenzise.
Isikhiphi samanzi se-Brita Ultramax siphethe cishe izinkomishi zamanzi ezingu-27 (izinkomishi ezingu-18 endaweni yokugcina amanzi kanye nezinye izinkomishi ezingu-9 noma ezingu-10 endaweni yokugcina amanzi). Ukwakheka kwayo okuzacile konga isikhala esiqandisini, futhi umpompi uvaleka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuthululwa ukuze uvimbele ukuchichima. Lena indlela elula yokuhlala unamanzi abandayo ahlungiwe anele.
Abahlinzeki be-LifeStraw bafakazelwe ukuthi basusa ukungcola okuningi, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi izihlungi zabo zimelana kakhulu nokuvaleka kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi esisihlolile.
Sisebenzise amalitha angu-2.5 amanzi angcoliswe ukugqwala kakhulu ngesikhipha amanzi sasekhaya se-LifeStraw, futhi nakuba amanzi ehle kancane ngasekupheleni, ukuhlunga akuzange kume. Lokhu ukukhetha kwethu okucacile kunoma ubani onolwazi lwama-clog kwezinye izihlungi zamanzi (okuhlanganisa ukukhetha kwethu okuphezulu i-Brita Elite) noma ofuna isisombululo sokudonsa amanzi aziwa ngokuthi agqwalile noma aqukethe intlenga. I-LifeStraw iphinde ibe nezitifiketi ezine ze-ANSI/NSF (i-chlorine, ukunambitheka nephunga, umthofu ne-mercury) futhi ihlolwe ngokuzimela ngamalabhorethri aqinisekisiwe ukuze ihlangabezane namazinga amaningi e-ANSI/NSF okukhipha ukungcola.
Bengilokhu ngihlola izihlungi zamanzi ze-Wirecutter kusukela ngo-2016. Embikweni wami, ngikhulume isikhathi eside ne-NSF kanye ne-Water Quality Institute, izinhlangano ezimbili ezinkulu zokunikeza izitifiketi zokuhlunga e-United States, ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwazo kwenziwa kanjani. Ngixoxisane nabamele abakhiqizi abaningi bokuhlunga amanzi ukuze baphikise izimangalo zabo. Ngisebenzise izihlungi ezimbalwa kanye nezimbiza eminyakeni edlule ngoba ukuqina kukonke, ukukhululeka kanye nezindleko zokunakekelwa, kanye nobungane bomsebenzisi konke kubaluleke kakhulu kokuthile okusebenzisa izikhathi eziningi ngosuku.
Owayengusosayensi we-NOAA uJohn Holecek ucwaninge futhi wabhala inguqulo yangaphambili yalo mhlahlandlela, wazihlola ngokwakhe, futhi wanikeza ukuhlolwa okuzimele okwengeziwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela owalabo abafuna isisefo samanzi sesitayela se-pitcher esigcwalisa amanzi abo kampompi futhi sigcinwe esiqandisini sabo.
Inzuzo yesihlungi se-pitcher ukuthi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Okufanele ukwenze ukuwagcwalisa empompini bese ulinda ukuthi isihlungi sisebenze. Futhi zivamise ukushibhile ukuzithenga, nezihlungi ezishintshayo (ngokuvamile ezidingeka njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili) ngokuvamile zibiza ngaphansi kuka-$15.
Banezinkinga eziningana. Bangakwazi ukususa ngempumelelo uhla oluncane kakhulu lokungcola kunezihlungi eziningi ezingaphansi kukasinki noma ezingaphansi kompompi ngoba zithembele kumandla adonsela phansi kunokucindezela kwamanzi, okudinga isihlungi esiminyene kancane.
Ukuthembela kwabo kumandla adonsela phansi kusho nokuthi izihlungi zembiza ziyanensa: ukugcwaliswa okukodwa kwamanzi avela endaweni yokugcina amanzi kungathatha imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-15 ukuze kudlule isihlungi, futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukufakwa phezulu okuningana ukuze kutholwe imbiza egcwele yamanzi ahlanzekile. .
Izihlungi ze-pitcher zivame ukuvaleka ngenxa yenhlabathi emanzini kampompi noma amabhamuza omoya amancane avela kuma-aerators ompompi.
Ngalezi zizathu, sincoma ukuthi ufake isihlungi ngaphansi kukasinki noma kumpompi uma izimo zisidinga.
E-United States, amanzi omphakathi alawulwa yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ngaphansi koMthetho Wamanzi Okuphuza Aphephile, futhi izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi zomphakathi eziphuma emanzini kufanele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi. Nokho, akuzona zonke izinto ezingase zibe ukungcola ezilawulwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola kungangena ngemva kokuba amanzi ephuma endaweni yokuhlanza ngamapayipi avuzayo noma (uma kungumthofu) ngokuvuza emapayipini ngokwawo. Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi okwenziwe noma ukushaywa indiva esitshalweni kungase kube kubi nakakhulu ukugeleza kwamapayipi angezansi komfula, njengoba kwenzeka e-Flint, eMichigan.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ngempela emanzini omphakeli wakho, ungakwazi ukusesha ku-inthanethi Umbiko Wokuqiniseka Komthengi wendawo (CCR) womnikezeli wakini wasendaweni we-EPA-approved Confidence Report (CCR). Uma kungenjalo, bonke abaphakeli bamanzi bomphakathi kudingeka ukuthi bakunikeze ama-CCR abo uma bewacela.
Kodwa ngenxa yokungcola okungaba khona ezansi nomfula, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuthi yini esemanzini endlu yakho ukuwahlola. Ilabhorethri yangakini yekhwalithi yamanzi ingenza lokhu, noma ungasebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlola yasekhaya. Sibheke eziyi-11 zazo kumhlahlandlela wethu futhi sahlabeka umxhwele nge-SimpleLab's Tap Score, okulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi inikeza umbiko onemininingwane, obhalwe ngokucacile walokho, uma kukhona, ukungcola okusemanzini akho ompompi.
Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kamasipala we-SimpleLab Tap Score okuthuthukisiwe kunikeza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamanzi okuphuza futhi kunikeze imiphumela efundeka kalula.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sincoma kuphela izihlungi ongazethemba, kudala sigcizelela ukuthi ukukhetha kwethu kufinyelele izinga legolide: Isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF. I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kanye ne-National Science Foundation (NSF) yizinhlangano ezizimele, ezingenzi nzuzo ezisebenzisana ne-Environmental Protection Agency, abakhiqizi nabanye ochwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga aqinile ekhwalithi nokuhlola izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa nezivumelwano zamanzi. isihlungi.
Kube ngemva kokusebenzisa amasampuli “okuhlola” ayengcoliswe kakhulu kunamanzi amaningi aphuma kumpompi lapho izihlungi zikwazile ukuhlangabezana namazinga abedlula kude ubude bazo obulindelwe.
Amalabhorethri amabili amakhulu anikeza izitifiketi zokuhlunga amanzi yi-NSF ngokwayo kanye neNhlangano Yekhwalithi Yamanzi (WQA). Kokubili kugunyazwe ngokugcwele yi-ANSI kanye noMkhandlu Wamazinga WaseCanada eNyakatho Melika futhi bangenza ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF.
Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka yenkulumompikiswano yangaphakathi, manje sesamukela nolimi olukhululekile "lokuhlolwa kumazinga e-ANSI/NSF" esikhundleni sokuqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni, ngaphansi kwemibandela embalwa eqinile: Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ilabhorethri ezimele, hhayi ozimele. ilabhorethri. Umkhiqizi wesihlungi; Okwesibili, ilabhorethri ngokwayo igunyazwe yi-ANSI noma amanye ama-ejensi afanayo kazwelonke noma angekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ukuze enze ukuhlolwa okuqinile kumazinga athile; Okwesithathu, ilabhorethri yokuhlola, imiphumela nezindlela zayo zidalulwe ngumenzi; Okwesine, uMkhiqizi unolwazi olunzulu ekudaleni izihlungi eziye zafakazela ukuphepha kwazo, ukwethembeka kwazo futhi zichazwa ngokwethembeka.
Siphinde sayinciphisa yaba izihlungi eziqinisekisiwe noma ezilingana okungenani namazinga amabili amakhulu e-ANSI/NSF (Okujwayelekile 42 kanye ne-Standard 53) (okumboza i-chlorine nokunye ukungcola “kobuhle” nezinsimbi ezinzima njengomthofu, ngokulandelana), njengoba kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. nezinye izinto eziphilayo). Izinga elisha le-401 lihlanganisa "ukungcola okuvelayo," njengemithi, okutholakala kakhulu emanzini e-United States, yingakho sigxile kuzihlungi.
Saqala ukuthungatha amaketela anomthamo wezinkomishi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-11 kanye neziphakeli zamanzi ezinkulu, eziwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindlini ezisetshenziswa kakhulu amanzi. (Izinkampani eziningi zinikeza nezimbiza ezincane kulabo abangadingi imodeli yosayizi ogcwele.)
Sibe sesiqhathanisa imininingwane yedizayini (kuhlanganise nesitayela sesibambo nokunethezeka), ukufakwa kalula kwesihlungi nokushintshwa, isikhala esithathwa yimbiza nesihlinzeki esiqandisini, kanye nesilinganiso sevolumu yechibi lokugcwalisa kabusha elingaphezulu kuya endaweni “yokuhlunga” engaphansi. (Uma isilinganiso siphezulu, siba ngcono, njengoba uzothola amanzi ahlungiwe amaningi njalo uma usebenzisa umpompi.)
Senze izivivinyo ezimbalwa kuzihlungi ezimbalwa ngo-2016, siqhathanisa imiphumela yethu nezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF kanye nezimangalo zomkhiqizi. Elabhorethri yakhe, uJohn Holecek wakala izinga isisefo ngasinye esikhipha ngaso i-chlorine. Ezinkethweni zethu ezimbili zokuqala, senze inkontileka yokuhlolwa kokukhipha umthofu okuzimele kusetshenziswa izixazululo zokungcolisa umthofu ezingaphezu kwalokho ezidingwa yi-NSF esivumelwaneni sayo sokunikeza izitifiketi.
Esikuthathayo okuyinhloko ekuhlolweni kwethu ukuthi isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esilinganayo siyinkomba ethembekile yokusebenza kwesihlungi. Lokhu akumangazi uma kubhekwa uhlobo oluqinile lwamazinga okunikeza izitifiketi. Kusukela lapho, siye sathembela kusitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esifanayo ukuze sinqume ukusebenza kwesihlungi esinikeziwe.
Ukuhlola kwethu okulandelayo kugxile ekusebenzisekeni komhlaba wangempela, kanye nezici ezingokoqobo nokushiyeka okubonakala kuphela lapho uqala ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ezingaphezu kuka-30 ze-ANSI/NSF—ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi ekilasini layo—futhi iklanyelwe ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha phakathi kokushintshwa. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Izihlungi ze-Brita Elite (ngaphambili ezaziyi-Longlast+) ziyi-ANSI/NSF egunyazwe ukuthola ukungcola (PDF) okungaphezu kuka-30, okuhlanganisa ukuhola, i-mercury, i-microplastics, i-asbestos, kanye ne-PFAS emibili evamile: i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ne-perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Lokhu kusenza sibe isihlungi se-pitcher esiqinisekiswe kakhulu esisihlolile, futhi esisodwa esiyincomayo kulabo abafuna ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu.
Kufakazelwa ukususa amanye amabala amaningi ajwayelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-chlorine (efakwa emanzini ukuze kuncishiswe amagciwane namanye amagciwane futhi iyimbangela eyinhloko “yokunambitheka okubi” emanzini kampompi); i-carbon tetrachloride, isakhi esishintshashintshayo sezinto eziphilayo esilimaza isibindi; ingatholakala ngokuya emanzini kampompi. “Izinhlanganisela ezintsha” zatholwa, kuhlanganise ne-bisphenol A (BPA), i-DEET (isidakamizwa esixosha izinambuzane esivamile) ne-estrone (uhlobo lokwenziwa lwe-estrogen).
Nakuba izihlungi eziningi ze-pitcher zinomjikelezo wokubuyisela njalo ngamalitha angu-40 noma izinyanga ezimbili, i-Elite inomjikelezo wokubuyisela wamamalitha angu-120 noma izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngokombono, lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga kuphela ukusebenzisa izihlungi ezimbili ze-Elite ngonyaka esikhundleni seziyisithupha, udale udoti omncane futhi wehlise izindleko zokugcwalisa cishe ngo-50%.
Ngesihlungi se-pitcher, sisebenza ngokushesha. Ezivivinyweni zethu, isihlungi esisha se-Elite sithathe imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa nje ukugcwalisa. Izihlungi ezinosayizi ofanayo esizihlolile zithathe isikhathi eside—ngokuvamile imizuzu eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Kodwa kukhona i-caveat. Njengazo zonke izihlungi ze-pitcher, i-Elite ivaleka kalula, enganciphisa izinga lokuhlunga noma imise ukuhlunga ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uyishintshe kaningi. Abaningi, abanikazi abaningi baye bakhononda ngalolu daba, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwethu, i-Elite yaqala ukwehla ngaphambi kokufinyelela umthamo wayo wama-gallon angu-120. Uma unenkinga eyaziwayo ngenhlabathi emanzini akho kampompi (okuvame ukuba uphawu lwamapayipi agqwalile), umuzwa wakho cishe uzofana.
Futhi ungase ungakudingi konke ukuvikelwa kwabaphezulu. Uma wazi ukuthi amanzi akho kampompi awekhwalithi enhle (lokhu kunganqunywa kusetshenziswa isihloli sasekhaya), sincoma ukuthi usebenzise imbiza eyisisekelo yesikhipha amanzi se-Brita Standard kanye nesihlungi. Inezitifiketi ezinhlanu kuphela ze-ANSI/NSF (PDF), okuhlanganisa i-chlorine (kodwa hhayi i-lead, i-organics, noma ukungcola okusha), enezitifiketi ezimbalwa kakhulu kune-Elite. Kodwa yisihlungi esingabizi kakhulu, esivala kancane esingathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamanzi akho.
Kulula ukwenza amaphutha uma ufaka isihlungi se-Brita. Ekuqaleni isihlungi sisendaweni futhi sibonakala siqinile. Kodwa empeleni kuthatha umzamo owengeziwe ukuze uyivikele ngokuphelele endaweni. Uma ungacindezeli ngokwanele, amanzi angahlungi angase avuze emaceleni esihlungi lapho ugcwalisa indawo yokugcina amanzi, okusho ukuthi amanzi akho “ahlungiwe” awavuzi ngempela. Ezinye izihlungi esizithengele isivivinyo sango-2023 nazo bezidinga ukubekwa ukuze indawo ende ohlangothini olulodwa lwesihlungi islayidile phezu kwethebhu ehambisanayo kwezinye izimbiza ze-Brita. (Ezinye izimbiza, okuhlanganisa intandokazi yethu ye-Standard 10-Cp Everyday Pitcher, ifika ingafakiwe ilebula futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uqondise isihlungi ekukhetheni kwakho.)
Iketela lesignesha le-Brita lichaza kakhulu isigaba seketela lesihlungi futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunamanye amamodeli e-Brita amaningi.
Ibhodlela lansuku zonke le-Brita elinenkomishi eyi-10 yamanzi (ikakhulukazi inguqulo ene-SmartLight Replacement Indicator kanye nesihlungi se-Elite) livame kakhulu kangangokuthi cishe yilokho iningi lethu elikucabangayo uma sicabanga ngamabhodlela amanzi ahlungiwe. Futhi iyintandokazi yethu yezimbiza eziningi ze-Brita, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi kulula kakhulu ukuyihlukanisa ukuze ihlanzwe futhi awekho ama-nook nama-crannies lapho ukungcola kunganqwabelana khona. Ukusonteka kwesithupha kukhulula esinye isandla ukuze sisebenzise umpompi lapho wengeza amanzi. I-SmartLight yayo ikala ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokuqondile futhi ikwazisa uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha isihlungi. Futhi isibambo esilula esimise okuka-C siyidizayini ka-Brita enethezeke kakhulu.
I-Standard Everyday iyi-Amazon ekhethekile; I-Brita ithengisa amabhodlela amanzi e-Tahoe afanayo e-Walmart, Target nakwabanye abathengisi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili isibambo sika-Tahoe esimise okwe-D, esithole kunzima ukusibamba.
Nakuba igedlela lansuku zonke likhangiswa njengemodeli yenkomishi engu-10, liphethe cishe izinkomishi eziyi-11.5, ezanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zansuku zonke zomndeni omncane. Uma igcwele, inesisindo esingaphezudlwana kwamakhilogremu angu-7, okufaka ingcindezi ezihlakaleni zakho; Imbiza encane ye-Brita Space Saver 6-inkomishi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-4.5 uma igcwele, kodwa iza nembiza evamile ye-Brita nesihlungi se-dispenser, ngakho uzodinga ukuthenga Isihlungi se-Elite ngokuhlukana.