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UTim Heffernan ungumbhali okhuluma ngezinkinga zekhwalithi yomoya namanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bamandla obuqhubekayo. Ukuze ahlole abahlanzi, ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-Flare brand match smoke.
Umcimbi we-Amazon Prime Day October usufikile! Lapha siqoqe zonke iziphakamiso ezibalulekile ezivela ku-Wirecutter.
Siphinde sengeza inketho enhle, i-Cyclopure Purefast, isihlungi esihambisana ne-Brita esiqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI sokunciphisa i-PFAS.
Uma ufuna indlela elula yokuthola amanzi okuphuza ahlungiwe ekhaya, sincoma i-Brita Elite Filter ehambisana ne-Brita Standard Daily 10-cup pitcher noma (uma umndeni wakho usebenzisa amanzi amaningi) i-Brita 27-cup pitcher. I-Ultramax, umshini wokukhipha amanzi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukhethe noma yisiphi sazo, yazi ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yocwaningo mayelana nokuhlunga amanzi ekhaya, sikholelwa ukuthi izihlungi ezingaphansi kwesinki noma ezingaphansi kwempompi ziyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Zihlala isikhathi eside, ziletha amanzi ahlanzekile ngokushesha, zinciphisa ukungcola, azivaleki kakhulu, futhi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela ukufakwa.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kuka-30—ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi esigabeni sayo—futhi yenzelwe ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha phakathi kokushintsha. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
I-Brita kettle eyingqayizivele ichaza kakhulu isigaba se-filter kettle futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-Brita.
I-Brita water dispenser iphatha amanzi anele usuku lonke emndenini omkhulu, futhi impompi yayo engavuzi kulula ukuyisebenzisa ezinganeni.
I-LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser ihlolwe ngokuthembekile ukususa inqwaba yezinto ezingcolisayo, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi isihlungi sayo asivami kakhulu ukuvaleka kunanoma yimuphi omunye umshini wokukhipha amanzi esiwuhlolile.
Izinto zokuhlunga ze-Dexsorb zihlolwa ngokwezindinganiso ze-NSF/ANSI futhi zibamba ngempumelelo uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali ahlala isikhathi eside (PFAS), okuhlanganisa i-PFOA ne-PFOS.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kuka-30—ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi esigabeni sayo—futhi yenzelwe ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha phakathi kokushintsha. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Isihlungi seBrita esisebenza kahle kakhulu isihlungi seBrita Elite. Siqinisekiswe yi-ANSI/NSF futhi sihlunga izinto ezingcolisayo eziningi kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi esidliwe amandla adonsela phansi esisihlolile; lokhu kufaka phakathi i-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-PFOA kanye ne-PFOS, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezakhi zezimboni ezitholakala kakhulu emanzini ompompi. Kukhona "ukungcola okusha". Siphila isikhathi esingamagaloni angu-120 noma izinyanga eziyisithupha, okuphindwe kathathu kunezinye izihlungi eziningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungenza isihlungi se-Elite sishibhile kunesihlungi esivamile sezinyanga ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba kudlule izinyanga eziyisithupha, indle emanzini ingase iyivale. Uma wazi ukuthi amanzi akho ompompi ahlanzekile kodwa ufuna nje ukuthi anambitheke kangcono, ikakhulukazi uma enuka njenge-chlorine, isihlungi samanzi esijwayelekile seBrita kanye nesihlungi sokuhambisa amanzi sibiza kancane futhi cishe asivami, kodwa asiqinisekisiwe.
I-Brita kettle eyingqayizivele ichaza kakhulu isigaba se-filter kettle futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-Brita.
Phakathi kwamabhodlela amanzi amaningi aseBrita, esiwathandayo kakhulu yiBrita Standard Everyday Water Bottle 10 Cup. Umklamo ongenama-nooks-and-cracks wenza ukuhlanza kube lula kunezinye izimbiza zaseBrita, kanti isembozo sesandla esisodwa senza ukugcwalisa kabusha kube lula nakakhulu. Isibambo saso esigobile esinobunjwa obungu-C siphinde sibe ntofontofo kunesibambo esinobunjwa obungu-D esitholakala emabhodleleni amaningi aseBrita.
I-Brita water dispenser iphatha amanzi anele usuku lonke emndenini omkhulu, futhi impompi yayo engavuzi kulula ukuyisebenzisa ezinganeni.
Isitsha samanzi iBrita Ultramax siphatha cishe izinkomishi zamanzi ezingu-27 (izinkomishi ezingu-18 ethangini lokuhlunga kanye nezinye izinkomishi ezingu-9 noma ezingu-10 ethangini eliphezulu). Umklamo waso omncane ugcina isikhala esiqandisini, futhi impompi ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuthulula ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugcwala. Lena indlela elula yokuba namanzi abandayo ahlungiwe anele.
I-LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser ihlolwe ngokuthembekile ukususa inqwaba yezinto ezingcolisayo, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi isihlungi sayo asivami kakhulu ukuvaleka kunanoma yimuphi omunye umshini wokukhipha amanzi esiwuhlolile.
Sisebenzise amalitha angu-2.5 amanzi angcoliswe kakhulu yi-gland nge-LifeStraw water dispenser, futhi yize amanzi ehle kancane ngasekupheleni, ukuhlunga akuzange kume. Kulabo abaye babhekana nokuvaleka kwezinye izihlungi zamanzi (kufaka phakathi i-Brita Elite yethu ekhethiwe) noma abafuna ikhambi lamanzi ompompi agqwalile noma angcolile, lesi sihlungi siyisinqumo sethu esicacile. I-LifeStraw inezitifiketi ezine ze-ANSI/NSF (i-chlorine, ukunambitheka nephunga, i-lead kanye ne-mercury) futhi ihlolwe ngokuzimela yilabhorethri eqinisekisiwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziningi ezengeziwe zokuhlanza i-ANSI/NSF.
Izinto zokuhlunga ze-Dexsorb zihlolwa ngokwezindinganiso ze-NSF/ANSI futhi zibamba ngempumelelo uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali ahlala isikhathi eside (PFAS), okuhlanganisa i-PFOA ne-PFOS.
Izihlungi ze-Cyclopure Purefast zisebenzisa izinto ezifanayo ze-Dexsorb ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ukususa unomphela amakhemikhali (PFAS) emithonjeni yamanzi yomphakathi. Zifanelana namajagi ethu e-Brita anconyiwe kanye nezihlungi. Zilinganiselwa kumagaloni angu-65 kanye nezihlungi ngokushesha ezivivinyweni zethu futhi azinciphisi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yize njenganoma yisiphi isihlungi samandla adonsela phansi, uma kunenqwaba yenhlabathi emanzini ingavimbeka. Isihlungi siza nephakheji ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili; thumela isihlungi esisetshenzisiwe emuva ku-Cyclopure futhi inkampani izosicubungula ukuze sibhubhise noma iyiphi i-PFAS ebanjiwe ukuze ingasakwazi ukungena emvelweni. I-Brita ngokwayo ayivumeli ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi zezinkampani zangaphandle, kodwa njengoba zombili izihlungi ze-Purefast kanye nezinto ze-Dexsorb ziqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI ukunciphisa i-PFAS, sizizwa siqiniseka ngokuzincoma. Qaphela ukuthi ibamba i-PFAS kanye ne-chlorine kuphela. Uma ukhathazekile ngezinye izinto, cabanga nge-Brita Elite;
Bengilokhu ngihlola izihlungi zamanzi ze-Wirecutter kusukela ngo-2016. Embikweni wami, ngikhulume kabanzi ne-NSF kanye ne-Water Quality Institute, izinhlangano ezimbili ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa izihlungi e-United States, ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwazo kwenziwa kanjani. Ngixoxisane nabamele abakhiqizi abaningi bezihlungi zamanzi ukuze ngiphikise izimangalo zabo. Ngisebenzise izihlungi eziningana nama-pitcher eminyakeni edlule ngoba ukuqina okuphelele, ukulula kanye nezindleko zokulungisa, kanye nobungane bomsebenzisi konke kubaluleke kakhulu entweni oyisebenzisa kaningi ngosuku.
Owayengusosayensi we-NOAA uJohn Holecek wacwaninga futhi wabhala inguqulo yangaphambilini yalesi siqondisi, wenza ukuhlolwa kwakhe, futhi wayala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuzimele.
Lo mhlahlandlela ungowalabo abafuna isihlungi samanzi esifana nese-pitcher esigcwalisa amanzi abo empompini futhi siwagcine esiqandisini sabo.
Inzuzo yesihlungi se-pitcher ukuthi kulula ukusisebenzisa. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuzigcwalisa empompini bese ulinda isihlungi ukuthi sisebenze. Zivame futhi ukuba zishibhile ukuzithenga, kanti izihlungi ezizofakwa esikhundleni sazo (ngokuvamile zidingeka njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili) zivame ukubiza ngaphansi kwama-$15.
Zinezinkinga eziningana. Zingasusa ngempumelelo uhla oluncane kakhulu lwezinto ezingcolisayo kunezihlungi eziningi ezingaphansi kwesinki noma ezingaphansi kwepayipi ngoba zithembele ekudonseleni amandla adonsela phansi kunokucindezela kwamanzi, okudinga isihlungi esincane.
Ukuthembela ekudonseleni phansi kusho nokuthi izihlungi zama-pitcher zihamba kancane: ukugcwaliswa okukodwa kwamanzi avela edamini eliphezulu kungathatha imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-15 ukudlula esihlungini, futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukwengeza amanzi amaningi ukuze kutholakale i-pitcher egcwele yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Izihlungi zamajegi zivame ukuvaleka ngenxa yenhlabathi emanzini empompi noma ngisho namabhamuza amancane omoya avela kuma-aerators ompompi.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, sincoma ukufaka isihlungi ngaphansi kwesinki noma empompini uma izimo zidinga lokho.
E-United States, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi omphakathi kulawulwa yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuphuza Okuphephile, futhi amanzi aphuma ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi omphakathi kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ezingaba khona ezilawulwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola kungangena ngemva kokuba amanzi ephume esitshalweni sokwelapha ngamapayipi avuzayo noma (uma kutholakala i-lead) ngokuphuma kwamapayipi ngokwawo. Ukwelashwa ngamanzi okwenziwe noma okunganakwa esitshalweni kungenza kube kubi nakakhulu ukuphuma kwamapayipi angaphansi komfula, njengoba kwenzeka eFlint, eMichigan.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ngempela emanzini omhlinzeki wakho, ungasesha ku-inthanethi i-EPA-approved Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) yomhlinzeki wakho wendawo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bonke abahlinzeki bamanzi omphakathi kudingeka bakunikeze ama-CCR abo uma becela.
Kodwa ngenxa yokungcola okungenzeka kube khona ezansi komfula, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuthi yini esemanzini asekhaya lakho ukuyihlola. Ilabhorethri yakho yekhwalithi yamanzi yasendaweni ingakwenza lokhu, noma ungasebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlola ekhaya. Sibheke ezingu-11 zazo kumhlahlandlela wethu futhi sahlabeka umxhwele nge-SimpleLab's Tap Score, okulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi enikeza umbiko onemininingwane, obhalwe ngokucacile wokuthi yiziphi izinto ezingcolisayo ezisemanzini akho empompini.
Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kamasipala okuthuthukisiwe kwe-SimpleLab Tap Score kunikeza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamanzi akho okuphuza futhi kunikeza imiphumela elula ukuyifunda.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sincoma kuphela izihlungi ongazethemba, sesilokhu sigcizelela ukuthi ukukhetha kwethu kuhlangabezana nezinga legolide: isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF. I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kanye ne-National Science Foundation (NSF) yizinhlangano ezizimele, ezingenzi nzuzo ezisebenzisana ne-Environmental Protection Agency, abakhiqizi kanye nabanye ochwepheshe ukuthuthukisa amazinga ekhwalithi aqinile nokuhlola izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo, kufaka phakathi izinqubo zamanzi.
Kwakungemva kokusebenzisa amasampula “okuhlola”, ayengcoliswe kakhulu kunamanzi amaningi ompompi, lapho izihlungi zakwazi khona ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuqinisekiswa, zidlula kakhulu isikhathi sazo sokuphila esilindelwe.
Amalabhorethri amabili amakhulu okuqinisekisa izihlungi zamanzi yi-NSF uqobo kanye ne-Water Quality Association (WQA). Womabili aqinisekiswe ngokugcwele yi-ANSI kanye ne-Canadian Standards Council eNyakatho Melika futhi angenza ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF.
Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yempikiswano yangaphakathi, manje sesamukela nolimi olukhululekile lokuthi “kuhlolwe ngokwezindinganiso ze-ANSI/NSF” kunesitifiketi esisemthethweni, ngaphansi kwemibandela embalwa eqinile: Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa yilabhorethri ezimele, hhayi yilabhorethri ezimele. Umenzi wezihlungi; okwesibili, ilabhorethri ngokwayo ivunyelwe yi-ANSI noma ezinye izinhlangano zikazwelonke noma ezingezona ezikahulumeni ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuqinile ngokwezindinganiso ezimisiwe; okwesithathu, umenzi wembula ulwazi mayelana nelabhorethri yokuhlola, imiphumela yayo kanye nezindlela zayo; Umenzi unolwazi olukhulu lokudala izihlungi eziye zabonakala ziphephile, zithembekile futhi zichazwe ngokwethembeka.
Siphinde sanciphisa lokhu saya ezihlungini eziqinisekisiwe noma ezilingana okungenani nezindinganiso ezimbili ezinkulu ze-ANSI/NSF (Standard 42 kanye neStandard 53) (ezimboza i-chlorine nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo "ezinobuhle" kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-lead, ngokulandelana) kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo). Indinganiso entsha ye-401 ihlanganisa "izinto ezingcolisayo ezivelayo," njengemithi, ezitholakala emanzini e-United States, yingakho sinaka kakhulu izihlungi.
Saqala ukufuna amaketela adumile anomthamo wezinkomishi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-11 kanye nezihlinzeki zamanzi ezinkulu, eziwusizo kakhulu emindenini esebenzisa amanzi amaningi. (Izinkampani eziningi zinikeza nezihlinzeki ezincane kulabo abangadingi imodeli yosayizi ogcwele.)
Sabe sesiqhathanisa imininingwane yomklamo (kufaka phakathi isitayela sesibambo kanye nenduduzo), ukulula kokufakwa nokufakwa kwesihlungi, isikhala esithathwa yi-pitcher kanye ne-dispenser esiqandisini, kanye nesilinganiso somthamo wethangi lokugcwalisa eliphezulu nethangi “lesihlungi” elingezansi. (Uma isilinganiso siphezulu, kungcono, njengoba uzothola amanzi amaningi ahlungiwe njalo uma usebenzisa umpompi.)
Senze izivivinyo eziningana ezihlungini eziningana ngo-2016, siqhathanisa imiphumela yethu nezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF kanye nezimangalo zomkhiqizi. Elabhorethri yakhe, uJohn Holecek walinganisa izinga lapho isihlungi ngasinye sisusa khona i-chlorine. Ezinkethweni zethu ezimbili zokuqala, sathola inkontileka yokuhlolwa kokususwa komthofu ngokuzimela sisebenzisa izixazululo zokungcoliswa komthofu eziningi kakhulu kunalokho i-NSF ekudingayo esivumelwaneni sayo sesitifiketi.
Isifundo sethu esiyinhloko ekuhlolweni kwethu ukuthi isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esilinganayo siyisibonakaliso esithembekile sokusebenza kwesihlungi. Lokhu akumangazi uma ubheka uhlobo oluqinile lwezindinganiso zesitifiketi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sithembele kwisitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esilinganayo ukuze sinqume ukusebenza kwesihlungi esithile.
Ukuhlolwa kwethu okulandelayo kugxile ekusebenziseni izinto zangempela, kanye nezici ezisebenzayo kanye nokushiyeka okubonakala kuphela uma usuqalile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kuka-30—ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi esigabeni sayo—futhi yenzelwe ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha phakathi kokushintsha. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Izihlungi zeBrita Elite (ezaziwa ngokuthi yiLonglast+) ziqinisekiswe yi-ANSI/NSF ukuthola ukungcola okungaphezu kuka-30 (i-PDF), okuhlanganisa i-lead, i-mercury, i-microplastics, i-asbestos, kanye ne-PFAS ezimbili ezivamile: i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) kanye ne-perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Lokhu kwenza kube yisihlungi se-pitcher esiqinisekiswe kakhulu esisihlolile, futhi sisincoma kulabo abafuna ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu.
Kufakazelwe ukuthi kususa amanye amabala amaningi avamile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-chlorine (eyengezwa emanzini ukunciphisa amabhaktheriya nezinye izifo futhi iyimbangela eyinhloko yamanzi ompompi anganambitheki kahle); i-carbon tetrachloride, i-compound eguquguqukayo elimaza isibindi futhi etholakala kakhulu emanzini; “Ama-compound amasha” atholakale, afaka phakathi i-bisphenol A (BPA), i-DEET (isidakamizwa esivamile sokuxosha izinambuzane) kanye ne-estrone (uhlobo lwe-estrogen yokwenziwa).
Nakuba izihlungi eziningi ze-pitcher zinomjikelezo wokushintsha wamagalani angu-40 noma izinyanga ezimbili, i-Elite inomjikelezo wokushintsha wamagalani angu-120 noma izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngokwethiyori, lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukusebenzisa izihlungi ezimbili ze-Elite kuphela ngonyaka esikhundleni seziyisithupha, okudala imfucuza encane futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokugcwalisa kabusha cishe ngo-50%.
Ku-pitcher filter, isebenza ngokushesha. Ekuhlolweni kwethu, i-Elite filter entsha ithathe imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa kuphela ukugcwalisa. Izihlungi ezifanayo esizihlolile zithatha isikhathi eside—ngokuvamile imizuzu eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Kodwa kukhona isixwayiso. Njengazo zonke izihlungi ze-pitcher, i-Elite ingavaleka kalula, okunganciphisa izinga layo lokuhlunga noma ngisho nokuyivimbela ekuhlungeni ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uyishintshe kaningi. Abanikazi abaningi kakhulu bakhononde ngale nkinga, futhi ekuhlolweni kwethu, i-Elite yaqala ukuma ngaphambi kokufinyelela umthamo wayo wamagaloni angu-120. Uma unenkinga eyaziwayo nge-sediment emanzini akho ompompi (ngokuvamile uphawu lwamapayipi agqwalile), okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho cishe kuzoba okufanayo.
Futhi ungase ungadingi konke ukuvikelwa kwabantu abaphezulu. Uma wazi ukuthi amanzi akho ompompi asezingeni elihle (lokhu kungatholakala kusetshenziswa isihloli sasekhaya), sincoma ukusebenzisa i-Brita Standard water dispenser base pitcher kanye nesihlungi. Inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezinhlanu kuphela (PDF), okuhlanganisa i-chlorine (kodwa hhayi i-lead, izinto eziphilayo, noma ukungcola okusha), okuhlukile kakhulu ezingeni lesitifiketi i-Elite enalo. Kodwa kuyisihlungi esingabizi kakhulu, esivimba amanzi kancane esingathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamanzi akho.