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UTim Heffernan ungumbhali obhala ngekhwalithi yomoya namanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bamandla obuqhubekayo. Ukhetha ukuhlola izihlanzi ngomusi wemidlalo ye-Flare.
Siphinde sengeza inketho enhle, i-Cyclopure Purefast, isihlungi esihambisana ne-Brita esiqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI ukunciphisa i-PFAS.
Uma ufuna indlela elula yokuthola amanzi okuphuza ahlungiwe ekhaya, sincoma i-Brita Elite Water Filter, kanye ne-Brita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher noma (uma usebenzisa amanzi amaningi ekhaya lakho) i-Brita Standard 27-Cup Capacity Pitcher noma i-Brita Ultramax Water Dispenser. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukhethe noma yikuphi, yazi ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yokusebenzisa ukuhlunga amanzi ekhaya, sikholelwa ukuthi izihlungi zamanzi ezingaphansi kwesinki noma ezingaphansi kwempompi ziyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Zihlala isikhathi eside, ziletha amanzi ahlanzekile ngokushesha, zinciphisa ukungcola, azivaleki kalula, futhi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukufaka.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kuka-30, ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi esigabeni sayo, futhi yenzelwe isikhathi sokushintsha sezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
I-Brita signature kettle ngezindlela eziningi iyisigaba esichazayo se-filter kettle futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-Brita.
I-Brita Water Dispenser inamandla anele okuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanzi zansuku zonke zomndeni omkhulu, futhi impompi yayo engavuzi iklanyelwe ukuba ibe lula futhi isetshenziswe yizingane.
I-LifeStraw Home Dispenser ihlolwe ngokucophelela ukususa inqwaba yezinto ezingcolisayo, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi isihlungi sayo simelana kakhulu nokuvaleka kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi esisihlolile.
Izinto zokuhlunga ze-Dexsorb, ezihlolwe ngokwezindinganiso ze-NSF/ANSI, zibamba ngempumelelo uhla olubanzi lwezinto zamakhemikhali eziqhubekayo (i-PFAS), okuhlanganisa i-PFOA ne-PFOS.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kuka-30, ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi esigabeni sayo, futhi yenzelwe isikhathi sokushintsha sezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Isihlungi esisebenza kahle kakhulu seBrita yiBrita Elite. Siqinisekiswe yi-ANSI/NSF futhi sisusa ukungcola okuningi kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi samanzi esisihlolile; lokhu kungcola kufaka phakathi i-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-PFOA, ne-PFOS, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwamakhemikhali ezimboni kanye nokungcola kwamanzi ompompi okuya ngokuya kuba “ukungcola okuvelayo.” Siphila isikhathi esingamagaloni angu-120, noma izinyanga eziyisithupha, okuphindwe kathathu kunezinye izihlungi eziningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokho kwenza i-Elite ingabizi kakhulu kunesihlungi esivamile sezinyanga ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi emanzini ingawavala ngaphambi kokuba kuphele izinyanga eziyisithupha. Uma wazi ukuthi amanzi akho ompompi ahlanzekile kodwa ufuna nje ukuthi anambitheke kangcono (ikakhulukazi uma enuka njenge-chlorine), isihlungi se-kettle kanye ne-dispenser esijwayelekile saseBrita sishibhile futhi asivami ukuvaleka, kodwa asiqinisekisiwe ukuthi siqukethe i-lead noma ezinye izihlungi zezimboni.
I-Brita signature kettle ngezindlela eziningi iyisigaba esichazayo se-filter kettle futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-Brita.
Kuma-pitcher amaningi aseBrita, esiwathandayo kakhulu yiBrita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher. Umklamo ongenasikhala esifile wenza kube lula ukuwahlanza kunamanye amabhodlela aseBrita, kanti isici sokuguqula isithupha ngesandla esisodwa senza ukugcwalisa kabusha kube lula nakakhulu. Isibambo saso esigobile esinobunjwa obungu-C sikhululekile kakhulu kunezibambo ezinobunjwa obungu-D ezitholakala emabhodleleni amaningi aseBrita.
I-Brita Water Dispenser inamandla anele okuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanzi zansuku zonke zomndeni omkhulu, futhi impompi yayo engavuzi iklanyelwe ukuba ibe lula futhi isetshenziswe yizingane.
I-Brita Ultramax Water Dispenser iphatha cishe izinkomishi zamanzi ezingu-27 (izinkomishi ezingu-18 ethangini lokuhlunga kanye nezinkomishi ezingu-9 kuya kwezingu-10 ezengeziwe ethangini lokugcwalisa eliphezulu). Umklamo wayo omncane ugcina isikhala esiqandisini, futhi impompi iyavalwa ngemva kokuthulula ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugcwala. Kuyindlela elula yokuhlala unamanzi amaningi abandayo, ahlungiwe.
I-LifeStraw Home Dispenser ihlolwe ngokucophelela ukususa inqwaba yezinto ezingcolisayo, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi isihlungi sayo simelana kakhulu nokuvaleka kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi esisihlolile.
Sisebenzise i-LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser ukuhlunga amalitha angu-2.5 amanzi agcwele ukugqwala, futhi ngenkathi ijubane lehla kancane ngasekupheleni, alizange liyeke ukuhlunga. Lo mkhiqizo ungowokukhetha kwethu okuphezulu kunoma ngubani oke wabhekana nezihlungi zamanzi ezivalekile kwezinye izihlungi zamanzi, okuhlanganisa ne-top pick yethu, i-Brita Elite, noma ofuna ikhambi lamanzi ompompi agqwalile noma angcolile. I-LifeStraw inezitifiketi ezine ze-ANSI/NSF (i-chlorine, ukunambitheka nephunga, i-lead, kanye ne-mercury) futhi ihlolwe ngokuzimela yilabhorethri eqinisekisiwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezahlukene zokuhlanza ze-ANSI/NSF.
Izinto zokuhlunga ze-Dexsorb, ezihlolwe ngokwezindinganiso ze-NSF/ANSI, zibamba ngempumelelo uhla olubanzi lwezinto zamakhemikhali eziqhubekayo (i-PFAS), okuhlanganisa i-PFOA ne-PFOS.
Izihlungi ze-Cyclopure Purefast zisebenzisa i-Dexsorb, into efanayo esetshenziswa ezinye izitshalo zokwelapha ukususa amakhemikhali aqhubekayo (PFAS) emanzini omphakathi. Isebenza ne-kettle yethu ne-dispenser ye-Brita enconyiwe. Ilinganiselwe amalitha angu-65, ihlunga ngokushesha ezivivinyweni zethu, futhi ayinciphisi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yize njenganoma yisiphi isihlungi esinikezwa amandla adonsela phansi, singavaleka uma amanzi akho equkethe inhlabathi eningi. Isihlungi siphinde sifike emvilophini ekhokhelwe kusengaphambili; thumela isihlungi sakho esisetshenzisiwe emuva ku-Cyclopure, futhi inkampani izosiphinda isisebenzise ngendlela ebhubhisa noma iyiphi i-PFAS esibambayo ukuze ingaphinde ivuzele emvelweni. I-Brita ngokwayo ayincomi izihlungi ezivela eceleni, kodwa njengoba zombili izihlungi ze-Purefast kanye nezinto ze-Dexsorb ziqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI ukunciphisa i-PFAS, singazincoma ngokuzethemba. Qaphela ukuthi ibamba i-PFAS ne-chlorine kuphela. Uma unezinye izinkinga, khetha i-Brita Elite;
Bengilokhu ngihlola izihlungi zamanzi ze-Wirecutter kusukela ngo-2016. Kulo mbiko, ngibe nezingxoxo ezinde ne-NSF kanye ne-Water Quality Association, izinhlangano ezimbili ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa izihlungi zamanzi e-United States, ukuze ngiqonde izindlela zabo zokuhlola. Ngixoxisane nabamele abakhiqizi abaningi bezihlungi zamanzi ukuqinisekisa izimangalo zabo. Ngisebenzise izihlungi zamanzi eziningana kanye nama-pitcher eminyakeni edlule ngoba ukuqina okuphelele, ukulula kanye nezindleko zokulungisa, kanye nokulula kokusebenzisa kubalulekile entweni esetshenziswa kaningi ngosuku.
Owayengusosayensi we-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uJohn Holecek wacwaninga futhi wabhala inguqulo yangaphambilini yalesi siqondisi, wenza ukuhlolwa kwakhe, futhi wayala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuzimele.
Lo mhlahlandlela ulungele labo abafuna isihlungi samanzi esifana nekettle (leso esiqoqa amanzi empompini bese siwagcina esiqandisini).
Ubuhle bekettle yokuhlunga ukuthi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Umane uyigcwalise ngamanzi ompompi bese ulinda ukuthi isihlungi sisebenze. Ngokuvamile azibizi kakhulu: izihlungi zokufaka esikhundleni (ngokuvamile ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili) zivame ukubiza ngaphansi kwama-$15.
Zinezinkinga ezimbalwa. Zisebenza kahle ekulweni nokungcola okuncane kunezihlungi eziningi ezingaphansi kwesinki noma ezingaphansi kompompi ngoba zithembele ekudonseleni amandla adonsela phansi kunokucindezela kwamanzi, okudinga isihlungi esinobukhulu obuphansi.
Ukusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi kusho nokuthi izihlungi zekettle zihamba kancane: ukugcwalisa amanzi avela edamini eliphezulu kuthatha imizuzu ephakathi kwemi-5 neyi-15 ukudlula esihlungini, futhi kuvame ukuthatha ukugcwalisa kaningana ukuze kutholakale imbiza egcwele yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Izihlungi zekettle zivame ukuvaleka ngendle evela emanzini ompompi noma ngisho namabhamuza amancane omoya akheka kuma-aerator ompompi bese ebanjwa.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, sincoma ukufaka isihlungi ngaphansi kwesinki noma empompini uma izimo zivuma.
E-United States, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi omphakathi kulawulwa yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuphuza Okuphephile, futhi amanzi akhishwa ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi omphakathi kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinto ezingaba ukungcola ezilawulwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola kungangena ngemva kokuba amanzi ephume ezitshalweni zokwelashwa ngamapayipi avuzayo noma (uma kutholakala i-lead) ngokuphuma emapayipini ngokwawo. Ukwelapha amanzi esitshalweni (noma ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo) kungenza ngisho nokuvuza kwamapayipi angezansi komfula kube kubi nakakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka eFlint, eMichigan.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini umhlinzeki wakho ayishiyayo, ngokuvamile ungathola umbiko we-EPA Consumer Consumer Consumer Report (CCR) odingekayo womhlinzeki wakho wendawo ku-inthanethi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bonke abahlinzeki bamanzi omphakathi kudingeka banikeze i-CCR uma becela.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungcoliswe amanzi angaphansi komfula, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini esemanzini asekhaya lakho ukuthi ihlolwe. Ilabhorethri yakho yekhwalithi yamanzi ingakuhlola, noma ungasebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlola ekhaya. Sibuyekeze angu-11 awo futhi sahlabeka umxhwele yi-SimpleLab's Tap Score, okulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi enikeza umbiko ophelele nocacile wokuthi yiziphi izinto ezingcolisayo, uma zikhona, ezisemanzini akho empompini.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi edolobheni okuthuthukisiwe kwe-SimpleLab Tap Score kunikeza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamanzi akho okuphuza kanye nemiphumela elula ukuyifunda.
Ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi izihlungi zamanzi esizincomayo zithembekile, sihlala sigcizelela ukuthi izinketho zethu zihlangabezana nezinga legolide: isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF. I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kanye ne-National Science Foundation (NSF) yizinhlangano ezizimele, ezingenzi nzuzo ezisebenzisana ne-Environmental Protection Agency, abakhiqizi, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe ukuthuthukisa amazinga ekhwalithi aqinile ezinkulungwane zemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa izihlungi zamanzi, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola.
Izihlungi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zesitifiketi kuphela ngemva kokudlula isikhathi sazo sokusebenza esilindelekile futhi zisebenzisa amasampula "okuhlola" angcoliswe kakhulu kunamanzi amaningi ompompi.
Kunezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu zokuhlola amanzi eziqinisekisa izihlanzi zamanzi: enye yi-NSF Labs kanti enye yi-Water Quality Association (WQA). Zombili izinhlangano zivunyelwe ngokugcwele yi-ANSI kanye ne-Canadian Standards Council eNyakatho Melika ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF.
Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yempikiswano yangaphakathi, manje sesamukela futhi isimangalo esibanzi esithi "sihlolwe ngokwezindinganiso ze-ANSI/NSF," esingakaqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni, kodwa kumele sihlangabezane nemibandela ethile eqinile: okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ilebhu ezimele engasetshenziswa umenzi wezihlungi; okwesibili, ilebhu ngokwayo iyi-ANSI noma eqashelwa ezinye izinhlangano zikazwelonke noma ezingezona ezikahulumeni ukuthi zenze ukuhlolwa okuqinile ngokwezindinganiso ezimisiwe; okwesithathu, ilebhu yokuhlola, imiphumela yayo, kanye nezindlela zayo kushicilelwa umenzi. Okwesine, umenzi unomlando omude wokukhiqiza izihlungi. Amarekhodi afakazelwe ephephile, ethembekile, futhi eyiqiniso njengoba kuchaziwe.
Siphinde sanciphisa ububanzi baba yizihlungi eziqinisekisiwe noma ezilingana okungenani nezindinganiso ezimbili ezinkulu ze-ANSI/NSF (Standard 42 kanye neStandard 53, ezimboza i-chlorine nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo "ezinobuhle", kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-lead kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane). IStandard 401 entsha imboza "izinto ezingcolisayo ezivelayo" njengemithi etholakala kakhulu emanzini ase-US, futhi sinaka kakhulu izihlungi ezinalo mehluko.
Siqale ngokubheka izitsha zamanzi ezidumile ezingama-10 kuya ku-11, kanye nezitsha zamanzi ezinkulu ezifanelekela kakhulu imindeni esebenzisa amanzi amaningi. (Izinkampani eziningi zinikeza nezitsha zamanzi ezincane kubantu abangadingi isitsha samanzi esikhulu.)
Sabe sesiqhathanisa imininingwane yomklamo (kufaka phakathi isitayela sesibambo kanye nenduduzo), ukulula kokufakwa kanye nokufakwa kwesihlungi, isikhala esithathwa yi-pitcher kanye ne-dispenser esiqandisini, kanye nomthamo wethangi lokugcwalisa eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sethangi “elihlungiwe” elingezansi (uma isilinganiso siphezulu, kungcono, njengoba uzothola amanzi amaningi ahlungiwe njalo uma usebenzisa impompi).
Ngo-2016, senze izivivinyo eziningana zangaphakathi zezihlungi eziningana ukuze siqhathanise imiphumela yethu nezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF kanye nezimangalo zomkhiqizi. UJohn Holecek walinganisa izinga lokususwa kwe-chlorine yesihlungi ngasinye elabhorethri yakhe. Ezinkethweni zethu ezimbili zokuqala, sayala ilebhu yokuhlola ezimele ukuhlola ukususwa kwe-lead sisebenzisa izixazululo ezinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okungcoliswa kwe-lead kunalokho i-NSF ekudingayo kuphrothokholi yayo yokuqinisekisa.
Isiphetho sethu esiyinhloko ekuhlolweni kwethu ukuthi isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esilinganayo siyindinganiso ethembekile yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwesihlungi. Lokhu akumangazi uma ubheka uhlobo oluqinile lwezindinganiso zesitifiketi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sithembele kusitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esilinganayo ukuze sinqume ukusebenza kwesihlungi esithile.
Ukuhlolwa kwethu okulandelayo kugxile ekusebenziseni izinto zangempela, kanye nezici zangempela kanye nokushiyeka okubonakala kuphela ngemva kokusebenzisa le mikhiqizo isikhathi eside.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kuka-30, ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi esigabeni sayo, futhi yenzelwe isikhathi sokushintsha sezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Isihlungi Samanzi saseBrita Elite (esasikade siyiLonglast+) siqinisekiswe yi-ANSI/NSF ukususa ukungcola okungaphezu kuka-30 (PDF), okuhlanganisa i-lead, i-mercury, ama-microplastic, i-asbestos, kanye ne-PFAS ezimbili ezivamile: i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) kanye ne-perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Lokho kwenza kube isihlungi samanzi se-pitcher esiqinisekiswe kakhulu esisihlolile, futhi sisincoma kulabo abafuna ukuthula kwengqondo okuphelele.
Iqinisekiswe ukuthi isusa ezinye izinto eziningi ezingcolisayo ezivamile. Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zifaka phakathi i-chlorine (eyengezwe emanzini ukunciphisa amabhaktheriya nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okuyimbangela eyinhloko "yokunambitheka okubi" emanzini ompompi), izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ezingalimaza isibindi, kanye nezinhlobo "ezivelayo" ezikhulayo; izinto ezifana ne-bisphenol A (BPA), i-DEET (isibulali-zinambuzane esivamile), kanye ne-estrone, uhlobo lwe-estrogen yokwenziwa, ziyatholwa.
Nakuba iningi lama-pitcher linezihlungi zamanzi ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo ngamalitha angu-40 noma izinyanga ezimbili, isihlungi samanzi se-Elite sihlala amalitha angu-120 noma izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngokwethiyori, lokho kusho ukuthi udinga ukusebenzisa izihlungi zamanzi ezimbili ze-Elite ngonyaka esikhundleni seziyisithupha - okudala imfucuza encane nokunciphisa izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni cishe ngo-50%.
Ku-pitcher filter, isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu. Ekuhlolweni kwethu, ukugcwalisa okugcwele kwe-Elite filter entsha kuthathe imizuzu emi-5-7 kuphela. Izihlungi ezifanayo esizihlolile zithatha isikhathi eside - ngokuvamile imizuzu eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Kodwa kunenkinga. Njengazo zonke izihlungi ze-pitcher, i-Elite ivame ukuvaleka, okunganciphisa ijubane noma kumise ukuhluzwa kwayo, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uyishintshe kaningi. Abasebenzisi abaningi bakhononde ngale nkinga, futhi ekuhlolweni kwethu, i-Elite yaqala ukwehlisa ijubane ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele umthamo wayo wamagaloni angu-120. Uma unenkinga ngetshezi emanzini akho ompompi (ngokuvamile uphawu lwamapayipi agqwalile), ungase ubhekane nento efanayo.
Futhi ungase ungadingi zonke izivikelo ze-Elite. Uma uqiniseka ukuthi amanzi akho ompompi asezingeni elihle (ungabona ngomhloli wasekhaya), sincoma ukuthi uthuthukele kusihlungi esijwayelekile se-kettle kanye nesihlungi samanzi saseBrita. Inezitifiketi ezinhlanu ze-ANSI/NSF (PDF) kuphela, okuhlanganisa i-chlorine (kodwa hhayi i-lead, izinto eziphilayo, noma izinto ezingcolisayo ezivelayo), okuncane kakhulu kune-Elite. Kodwa isihlungi esingabizi kakhulu, esingavimbeli kakhulu esingathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamanzi akho.
Kulula ukwenza iphutha uma ufaka isihlungi seBrita. Ekuqaleni, isihlungi sasibonakala singena endaweni ephephile ngokwanele. Kodwa empeleni kudinga ukusunduzwa okwengeziwe ukuze singene kahle. Uma ungasicindezeli phansi, amanzi angahlungiwe angavuza ezinhlangothini zesihlungi uma ugcwalisa ithangi eliphezulu, okusho ukuthi amanzi akho “ahlungiwe” ngeke aphume ngempela. Ezinye zezihlungi esizithengele isivivinyo sika-2023 nazo kwakudingeka zibekwe ngendlela yokuthi isikhala eside ohlangothini olulodwa lwesihlungi sishelele phezu komugqa ofanayo kwezinye izimbiza zeBrita. (Amanye amabhodlela, kufaka phakathi ibhodlela lethu lamanzi elingcono kakhulu lezinkomishi eziyi-10 zansuku zonke, awanazo izingqimba, okuvumela ukuthi ubeke isihlungi noma ngabe yikuphi.)