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U-Tim Heffernan ungumbhali ohlanganisa ikhwalithi yomoya namanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bamandla esimeme. Uncamela ukuhlola abahlanza ngentuthu yemidlalo yeFlare.
Siphinde sengeze inketho enhle, i-Cyclopure Purefast, isihlungi esihambisana ne-Brita esigunyazwe i-NSF/ANSI ukunciphisa i-PFAS.
Uma ufuna indlela elula yokuthola amanzi okuphuza ahlungiwe ekhaya, sincoma I-Brita Elite Water Filter, kanye ne-Brita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher noma (uma usebenzisa amanzi amaningi ekhaya lakho) I-Brita Standard 27-Cup Capacity Pitcher noma i-Brita Ultramax Water Dispenser. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukhethe noma yikuphi, yazi ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yokusebenzisa ukuhlunga kwamanzi asekhaya, sikholelwa ukuthi izihlungi zamanzi ezingaphansi kukasinki noma ezingaphansi kompompi ziyinketho engcono kakhulu. Zihlala isikhathi eside, zilethe amanzi ahlanzekile ngokushesha, zinciphisa ukungcola, mancane amathuba okuba zivale, futhi zithatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukuzifaka.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ezingaphezu kuka-30 ze-ANSI/NSF, ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi ekilasini layo, futhi yakhelwe isikhawu sokushintshwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Igedlela lesiginesha ye-Brita ngezindlela eziningi liyisigaba segedlela lesihlungi esichazayo futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunamanye amamodeli e-Brita amaningi.
I-Brita Water Dispenser inamandla anele okuhlangabezana nezidingo zansuku zonke zamanzi zomndeni omkhulu, futhi impompi yayo engavuzi iklanyelwe ukuba ibe lula futhi ibe lula ukuthi izingane ziyisebenzise.
I-LifeStraw Home Dispenser ihlolwe ngokuqinile ukuze isuse inqwaba yokungcola, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi isihlungi sayo simelana kakhulu nokuvimbeka kunanoma isiphi esinye isihlungi esisihlolile.
Izinto zokuhlunga ze-Dexsorb, ezihlolwe kumazinga e-NSF/ANSI, zithwebula ngempumelelo inhlobo ebanzi yezinto zamakhemikhali eziqhubekayo (PFAS), okuhlanganisa i-PFOA ne-PFOS.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ezingaphezu kuka-30 ze-ANSI/NSF, ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi ekilasini layo, futhi yakhelwe isikhawu sokushintshwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Isihlungi sika-Brita esisebenza kahle kakhulu yi-Brita Elite. Igunyazwe nge-ANSI/NSF futhi isusa ukungcola okuningi kunanoma isiphi esinye isihlungi samanzi esiphekelwa amandla adonsela phansi esike sayihlola; lokhu kungcola kufaka phakathi i-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-PFOA, ne-PFOS, kanye nenqwaba yezinhlanganisela zezimboni kanye nokungcola kwamanzi kampompi okuya ngokuya kuba "ukungcola okuvelayo." Iphila amalitha angu-120, noma izinyanga eziyisithupha, okuyisilinganiso esiphindwe kathathu sobude bokuphila obulinganiselwe kwezinye izihlungi eziningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokho kwenza ama-Elite angabizi kakhulu kunesihlungi esivame kakhulu sezinyanga ezimbili. Nokho, inzika emanzini ingawavala ngaphambi kokuba kuphele izinyanga eziyisithupha. Uma wazi ukuthi amanzi akho kampompi ahlanzekile kodwa ufuna nje anambitheke kangcono (ikakhulukazi uma enuka njenge-chlorine), igedlela elijwayelekile le-Brita nesihlungi se-dispenser alibizi kakhulu futhi lijwayele ukuvaleka, kodwa aliqinisekisiwe ukuthi liqukethe umthofu nanoma iyiphi enye imboni. izinhlanganisela.
Igedlela lesiginesha ye-Brita ngezindlela eziningi liyisigaba segedlela lesihlungi esichazayo futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ihlanzekile kunamanye amamodeli e-Brita amaningi.
Kumabhodwe amaningi e-Brita, intandokazi yethu i-Brita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher. Idizayini ye-no-dead-space yenza kube lula ukuhlanza kunamanye amabhodlela e-Brita, futhi isici sokuguqula isithupha sesandla esisodwa senza ukugcwalisa kube lula nakakhulu. Isibambo saso esimise okwe-C esigobile futhi sikhululeke kakhudlwana kunezibambo ezimise okwe-angular ezitholakala emabhodleleni amaningi e-Brita.
I-Brita Water Dispenser inamandla anele okuhlangabezana nezidingo zansuku zonke zamanzi zomndeni omkhulu, futhi impompi yayo engavuzi iklanyelwe ukuba ibe lula futhi ibe lula ukuthi izingane ziyisebenzise.
I-Brita Ultramax Water Dispenser iphethe cishe izinkomishi zamanzi ezingu-27 (izinkomishi ezingu-18 endaweni yokugcina amanzi kanye nezinkomishi ezengeziwe ezingu-9 kuya kwezingu-10 endaweni yokugcina amanzi). Ukwakheka kwawo okuzacile konga isikhala esiqandisini, futhi umpompi uyavalwa ngemva kokuthululwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchichima. Kuyindlela elula yokuhlala unamanzi amaningi abandayo, ahlungiwe esandleni.
I-LifeStraw Home Dispenser ihlolwe ngokuqinile ukuze isuse inqwaba yokungcola, okuhlanganisa nomthofu, futhi isihlungi sayo simelana kakhulu nokuvimbeka kunanoma isiphi esinye isihlungi esisihlolile.
Sisebenzise i-LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser ukuze sihlunge amalitha angu-2.5 amanzi anokugqwala kakhulu, futhi ngenkathi isivinini sincipha kancane ngasekupheleni, ayizange iyeke ukuhlunga. Lo mkhiqizo uyikhethelo lethu eliphezulu kunoma ubani oke wahlangabezana nezihlungi zamanzi ezivalekile kwezinye izihlungi zamanzi, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha kwethu okuphezulu, i-Brita Elite, noma ofuna isixazululo samanzi kampompi agqwalile noma angcolile. I-LifeStraw iphinde ibe nezitifiketi ezine ze-ANSI/NSF (i-chlorine, ukunambitheka nephunga, umthofu, ne-mercury) futhi ihlolwe ngokuzimela ilebhu eqinisekisiwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okuhlanza e-ANSI/NSF.
Izinto zokuhlunga ze-Dexsorb, ezihlolwe kumazinga e-NSF/ANSI, zithwebula ngempumelelo inhlobo ebanzi yezinto zamakhemikhali eziqhubekayo (PFAS), okuhlanganisa i-PFOA ne-PFOS.
Izihlungi ze-Cyclopure's Purefast zisebenzisa i-Dexsorb, into efanayo esetshenziswa izitshalo ezithile zokwelapha ukususa amakhemikhali aphikelelayo (PFAS) emanzini omphakathi. Isebenza neketela lethu le-Brita elinconyiwe kanye nesikhithi. Ilinganiselwe ngamalitha angu-65, ihlunga ngokushesha ekuhlolweni kwethu, futhi ayinciphisi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nakuba njenganoma yisiphi isihlungi esifunzwa amandla adonsela phansi, ingavala uma amanzi akho equkethe inzika eningi. Isihlungi siphinde sifike ngemvilophu ekhokhelwe kusengaphambili; thumela isihlungi sakho osisebenzisile emuva ku-Cyclopure, futhi inkampani izosisebenzisa kabusha ngendlela ecekela phansi noma iyiphi i-PFAS eyithwebulayo ukuze ingavuzi ibuyele emvelweni. I-Brita ngokwayo ayincomi izihlungi zezinkampani zangaphandle, kodwa uma kubhekwa ukuthi kokubili izihlungi ze-Purefast nezinto ze-Dexsorb zigunyazwe yi-NSF/ANSI ukuze zehlise i-PFAS, singazincoma ngokuzethemba. Qaphela ukuthi ithwebula kuphela i-PFAS ne-chlorine. Uma unokunye okukukhathazayo, khetha i-Brita Elite;
Bengilokhu ngihlola izihlungi zamanzi ze-Wirecutter kusukela ngo-2016. Ngombiko, ngibe nezingxoxo ezinde ne-NSF kanye ne-Water Quality Association, izikhungo ezimbili ezinkulu zokunikeza izitifiketi zokuhlunga amanzi e-United States, ukuze ngiqonde izindlela zabo zokuhlola. Ngixoxisane nabamele abakhiqizi abaningi bokuhlunga amanzi ukuze ngiqinisekise izimangalo zabo. Ngisebenzise izihlungi zamanzi ezimbalwa kanye nezimbiza eminyakeni edlule ngoba ukuqina kukonke, ukukhululeka kanye nezindleko zokunakekelwa, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kubalulekile entweni esetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi ngosuku.
Owayengusosayensi we-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uJohn Holecek ucwaninge futhi wabhala inguqulo yangaphambili yalo mhlahlandlela, wazihlola ngokwakhe, futhi wagunyaza ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuzimele.
Lo mhlahlandlela owalabo abafuna isisefo samanzi sesitayela seketela (lesi esiqoqa amanzi empompini siwafake esiqandisini).
Ubuhle beketela lokuhlunga ukuthi kulula ukulisebenzisa. Uvele uyigcwalise ngamanzi kampompi bese ulinda ukuthi isihlungi sisebenze. Ngokuvamile awabizi: izihlungi ezishintshayo (okuvame ukudingeka ukuthi zishintshwe njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili) ngokuvamile zibiza ngaphansi kuka-$15.
Banezihibe ezimbalwa. Zisebenza ngempumelelo ekungcoleni okumbalwa kunezihlungi eziningi ezingaphansi kukasinki noma ezingaphansi kompompi ngoba zithembele kumandla adonsela phansi kunomfutho wamanzi, odinga isihlungi esiphansi sokuminyana.
Ukusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi futhi kusho ukuthi izihlungi zeketela ziyanensa: ukugcwalisa amanzi avela endaweni yokugcina amanzi kuthatha phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 neyi-15 ukuze kudlule isisefo, futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha ukugcwaliswa kabusha okuningana ukuze uthole ujeke ogcwele wamanzi ahlanzekile.
Izihlungi zegedlela zivame ukuvalwa yinhlabathi ephuma emanzini kampompi noma ngisho namabhamuza omoya amancane akheke kuma-aera ampompi abese evaleleka.
Ngalezi zizathu, sincoma ukuthi ufake isihlungi ngaphansi kukasinki noma kumpompi uma izimo zivuma.
E-United States, amanzi omphakathi alawulwa yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ngaphansi koMthetho Wamanzi Okuphuza Aphephile, futhi amanzi aphuma ezikhungweni zokuhlanza amanzi zomphakathi kufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi. Nokho, akuzona zonke izinto ezingase zibe ukungcola ezilawulwayo.
Ukwengeza, ukungcola kungangena ngemva kokuba amanzi ephuma ezikhungweni zokuhlanza ngamapayipi avuzayo noma (uma kungumthofu) ngokuvuza emapayipini ngokwawo. Ukwelapha amanzi esitshalweni (noma ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo) kungenza ngisho nokuvuza kwamapayipi angezansi komfula kube kubi nakakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka e-Flint, Michigan.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi umphakeli wakho ushiyani, ngokuvamile ungathola i-EPA Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) yomhlinzeki wakho wendawo oyimpoqo ku-inthanethi. Uma kungenjalo, bonke abahlinzeki bamanzi bomphakathi kudingeka banikeze i-CCR uma beceliwe.
Kodwa ngenxa yamandla okungcoliswa komfula, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini esemanzini asekhaya lakho ukuthi ahlolwe. Ilebhu yangakini yekhwalithi yamanzi ingayihlola, noma ungasebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlola yasekhaya. Sibuyekeze ezingu-11 kuzo futhi sahlatshwa umxhwele i-SimpleLab's Tap Score, okulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi inikeza umbiko obanzi, ocacile walokho ukungcola, uma kukhona, okusemanzini akho ompompi.
I-SimpleLab Tap Score yokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi yedolobha ethuthukisiwe inikeza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamanzi okuphuza kanye nemiphumela efundeka kalula.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlungi zamanzi esizitusayo zithembekile, sihlala sigcizelela ukuthi ukukhetha kwethu kuhlangabezana nezinga legolide: Isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF. I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kanye ne-National Science Foundation (NSF) yizinhlangano ezizimele, ezingenzi inzuzo ezisebenza ne-Environmental Protection Agency, abakhiqizi, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe ukuthuthukisa amazinga aqinile ekhwalithi yezinkulungwane zemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa izihlungi zamanzi, nokuhlola. izinqubo.
Izihlungi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zesitifiketi kuphela ngemva kokweqa impilo yazo yesevisi elindelwe futhi zisebenzisa amasampula “okuhlola” angcoliswe kakhulu kunamanzi amaningi kampompi.
Kunamalebhu amabili amakhulu aqinisekisa izihlanzi zamanzi: enye i-NSF Labs kanti enye i-Water Quality Association (WQA). Zombili izinhlangano zigunyazwe ngokugcwele yi-ANSI kanye Nomkhandlu Wamazinga Wase-Canadian eNyakatho Melika ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF.
Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka yenkulumompikiswano yangaphakathi, manje semukela isimangalo esibanzi “esihlolelwe amazinga e-ANSI/NSF,” esingaqinisekisiwe ngokusemthethweni, kodwa kufanele sihlangabezane nemibandela ethile eqinile: okokuqala, ukuhlola kwenziwa ilebhu ezimele engasebenzi umkhiqizi wesihlungi; okwesibili, ilebhu ngokwayo i-ANSI noma iqashelwa ezinye izinhlangano zikazwelonke noma ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ukwenza ukuhlola okunzima ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ezimisiwe; okwesithathu, ilebhu yokuhlola, imiphumela yayo, nezindlela zayo zishicilelwa umenzi. Okwesine, umenzi unomlando omude wokukhiqiza izihlungi. Amarekhodi afakazele ukuthi aphephile, anokwethenjelwa, futhi ayiqiniso njengoba kuchaziwe.
Siphinde sanciphisa ububanzi kuzihlungi eziqinisekisiwe noma ezilingana namazinga amabili amakhulu e-ANSI/NSF (Okujwayelekile 42 kanye ne-Standard 53, ahlanganisa i-chlorine nokunye ukungcola “kobuhle”, kanye nezinsimbi ezinzima njengomthofu nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo njengezibulala-zinambuzane. ). I-Standard 401 emisha ihlanganisa "ukungcola okuvelayo" njengemithi etholakala kakhulu emanzini ase-US, futhi sinaka ngokukhethekile izihlungi ezinalo mehluko.
Siqale ngokubheka izikhiqizo zamanzi ezinezinkomishi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-11 ezidumile, kanye nezikhiqizo ezinamandla amakhulu ezifaneleka ikakhulukazi imizi esebenzisa amanzi kakhulu. (Izinkampani eziningi ziphinde zinikeze ama-dispensers amancane kubantu abangadingi i-dispenser egcwele usayizi.)
Sibe sesiqhathanisa imininingwane yomklamo (okuhlanganisa nesitayela sesibambo nokunethezeka), ukubekeka kalula nokushintshwa kwesihlungi, isikhala esithathwa yimbiza nesihlinzeki esiqandisini, kanye nevolumu yethangi lokugcwalisa elingaphezulu uma liqhathaniswa nenani lethangi “elihlungiwe” elingaphansi. (ukuphakama kwesilinganiso, kuba ngcono, njengoba uzothola amanzi ahlungiwe kakhulu njalo uma usebenzisa umpompi).
Ngo-2016, senze izivivinyo ezimbalwa zasendlini zezihlungi ezimbalwa ukuze siqhathanise imiphumela yethu nezitifiketi ze-ANSI/NSF kanye nezimangalo zomkhiqizi. U-John Holecek ulinganise izinga lokukhishwa kwe-chlorine yesihlungi ngasinye elebhu yakhe. Ezinkethweni zethu ezimbili zokuqala, sigunyaze ilebhu yokuhlola ezimele ukuthi ihlole ukususwa komthofu kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okungcoliswa komthofu kunalokho okudingwa yi-NSF kuphrothokholi yayo yesitifiketi.
Isiphetho sethu esiyinhloko ekuhlolweni kwethu ukuthi isitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esilinganayo siyindinganiso enokwethenjelwa yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwesihlungi. Lokhu akumangazi uma kubhekwa isimo esiqinile samazinga okunikeza izitifiketi. Kusukela lapho, siye sathembela kusitifiketi se-ANSI/NSF noma isitifiketi esifanayo ukuze sinqume ukusebenza kwesihlungi esinikeziwe.
Ukuhlola kwethu okulandelayo kugxile ekusebenzisekeni komhlaba wangempela, kanye nezici zomhlaba wangempela kanye nokushiyeka okubonakala ngemva kokusebenzisa le mikhiqizo isikhathi eside.
Le modeli inezitifiketi ezingaphezu kuka-30 ze-ANSI/NSF, ezingaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihlungi ekilasini layo, futhi yakhelwe isikhawu sokushintshwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihlungi, ingavaleka.
Isihlungi samanzi se-Brita Elite (esikade sibizwa nge-Longlast+) sigunyazwe i-ANSI/NSF ukususa ukungcola (PDF) okungaphezu kuka-30, okuhlanganisa umthofu, i-mercury, i-microplastics, i-asbestos, kanye ne-PFAS emibili evamile: i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ne-perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). ). Lokho kuyenza ibe isihlungi samanzi se-pitcher esiqinisekiswe kakhulu esisihlolile, futhi esiyincomayo kulabo abafuna ukuthula kwengqondo okuphelele.
Igunyazwe ukususa okunye ukungcola okuvamile. Lokhu kungcola kuhlanganisa i-chlorine (eyengezwe emanzini ukuze kuncishiswe amabhaktheriya namanye amagciwane, okuyimbangela eyinhloko "yokunambitheka okubi" emanzini kampompi), ama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo angalimaza isibindi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo "ezikhulayo" ezikhulayo; inhlanganisela efana ne-bisphenol A (BPA), i-DEET (isidakamizwa esixosha izinambuzane esivamile), kanye ne-estrone, uhlobo lokwenziwa lwe-estrogen, luyatholwa.
Nakuba izimbiza eziningi zinezihlungi zamanzi ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo ngamalitha angu-40 noma izinyanga ezimbili, isihlungi samanzi se-Elite sithatha amalitha angu-120 noma izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngokombono, lokho kusho ukuthi udinga kuphela ukusebenzisa izihlungi zamanzi ze-Elite ezimbili ngonyaka esikhundleni seziyisithupha - ukudala udoti omncane futhi wehlise izindleko zokuwashintsha cishe ngo-50%.
Ngesihlungi se-pitcher, sisebenza ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezivivinyweni zethu, ukugcwaliswa okugcwele kwesihlungi esisha se-Elite kuthathe imizuzu emi-5-7 kuphela. Izihlungi ezinosayizi ofanayo esizihlolile zithatha isikhathi eside — ngokuvamile imizuzu eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Kodwa kukhona inkinga. Njengazo zonke izihlungi ze-pitcher, i-Elite ijwayele ukuvala, okunganciphisa noma kumise ukuhlunga kwayo, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uyibuyisele kaningi. Abasebenzisi abaningi bakhononde ngalolu daba, futhi ekuhlolweni kwethu, ama-Elite aqala ukwehla ngaphambi kokuthi afinyelele umthamo wawo wama-gallon ayi-120. Uma unenkinga ngenhlabathi emanzini kampompi wakho (okuvame ukuba uphawu lwamapayipi agqwalile), ungase ubhekane nento efanayo.
Futhi ungase ungadingi zonke izivikelo ze-Elite. Uma uqiniseka ukuthi amanzi akho okumpompi ayikhwalithi enhle (ungasho ngomhloli wasekhaya), sincoma ukuthi uthuthukele kugedlela elivamile le-Brita nesihlungi sokukhipha amanzi. Inezitifiketi ezinhlanu kuphela ze-ANSI/NSF (PDF), okuhlanganisa i-chlorine (kodwa hhayi umthofu, izinto eziphilayo, noma ukungcola okuvelayo), okumbalwa kakhulu kune-Elite. Kodwa yisihlungi esingabizi kakhulu, esivala kancane esingathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamanzi akho.
Kulula ukufingqa lapho ufaka isihlungi se-Brita. Ekuqaleni, isihlungi sibonakale singena endaweni ngokuphepha ngokwanele. Kodwa empeleni kuthatha umfutho owengeziwe ukuyingenisa yonke indlela. Uma ungaphuhlisi phansi, amanzi angahlungi angavuza izinhlangothi zesihlungi lapho ugcwalisa ichibi elingaphezulu, okusho ukuthi amanzi akho “ahlungiwe” ngeke empeleni aphume. Phuma. Ezinye izihlungi esizithengele isivivinyo sango-2023 nazo bezidinga ukubekwa ukuze indawo ende ohlangothini olulodwa lwesihlungi islayide phezu komugqa ofanayo kwezinye izimbiza ze-Brita. (Amanye amabhodlela, okuhlanganisa nebhodlela lethu lamanzi lansuku zonke elingcono kakhulu elinezinkomishi ezingu-10, awanawo ama-ridge, akuvumela ukuthi ubeke isihlungi nganoma iyiphi indlela.)