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Inothi Lomhleli: Ukuhlola kuyaqhubeka! Okwamanje sihlola amamodeli amasha angu-4. Hlala ubukele ukukhethwa kwethu kokubuyekezwa okusha kwemikhuba.
Amanzi ompompi avamile angase abe nezinto ezingcolisayo ezivela kumakhemikhali asetshenziswa emapayipini nasezinqubweni zokuhlunga zikamasipala. Uma umndeni wakho udinga ukufinyelela kalula emanzini ompompi ahlungiwe ukuze uwaphuze futhi upheke nsuku zonke, uhlelo lokuhlunga amanzi ngaphansi kwesinki luyisisombululo esilula.
Izihlungi zamanzi eziphezu kwekhava zingasebenza kahle, kodwa zingaba yinto engathandeki futhi zithathe indawo ewusizo yekhava. Amamodeli angaphansi kwekhava afihla imishini ngenkathi ehlinzeka ngamanzi ahlungiwe esinkini sasekhishini. Izihlungi zamanzi ezingaphansi kwekhava ezingcono kakhulu zinezendlalelo eziningi zokuhlunga, okwenza kube lula ukuthola amanzi ompompi ahlanzekile.
Ngemva kokuhlola izici ezibalulekile zokuhlunga amanzi ngaphansi kwesinki (inani lokungcola okususiwe, usayizi obonakalayo wesistimu, kanye nenani lezigaba zokuhlunga), uhlu olungenhla lubonisa uhlobo locwaningo olujulile esilwenzile ukuze sithole imikhiqizo efaneleke kakhulu yezigaba ezahlukene zokuhlunga.
Siyaqiniseka ukuthi sinikeza izinketho ezahlukahlukene zesistimu yokuhlunga amanzi ngaphansi kwesinki engakwazi ukuhlunga amanzi kamasipala, amanzi ahlanzekile, kanye namanzi ane-alkaline ukuze kususwe ukungcola okungaphezu kwe-1,000, okuhlanganisa i-chlorine, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye namagciwane. Ezinye zalezi zihlungi zamanzi ngaphansi kwesinki ziza nompompi wekhawuntara, okuqeda isidingo sokuzithenga ngokwehlukana (futhi zingabiza kakhulu). Ezinye izinhlelo zokuhlunga izinki nazo zinemiklamo yokonga amanzi kanye namaphampu akhelwe ngaphakathi akhulisa umfutho wamanzi, kanye nezihlungi ezingashintshwa.
Izihlungi zamanzi ezingaphansi kwesinki ezinhle kakhulu zizohlinzeka ngokuhlunga okusebenzayo, zihlinzeke ngamanzi ahlanzekile amaningi, futhi kube lula ukuzifaka. Uma ufuna ukwandisa ukulula kokuhlunga amanzi esinki sakho sasekhishini, izinhlelo zokuhlunga zamanzi ezingaphansi kwesinki ezilandelayo zifaka lezi zici nokuningi.
Ake usho konke: Lolu hlelo lwe-reverse osmosis (RO) oluvela ku-iSpring lungasusa kufikela ku-99% wezinto ezingcolisayo ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 emanzini ompompi, okuhlanganisa i-lead, i-arsenic, i-chlorine, i-fluoride, kanye ne-asbestos. Ukuhlunga kwayo okumangalisayo kwezigaba eziyisithupha kuhlanganisa izihlungi zamanzi e-sediment kanye ne-carbon ezisusa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcola futhi zivikele i-reverse osmosis membrane kumakhemikhali afana ne-chlorine nama-chloramine.
Isihlungi sesistimu ye-reverse osmosis sisusa ukungcola okuncane njenge-microns engu-0.0001, ngakho-ke ama-molecule amanzi kuphela angadlula kuso. Isihlungi se-alkaline remineral sibuyisela amaminerali awusizo alahlekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlunga, futhi isinyathelo sokugcina sokuhlunga sinikeza amanzi ukupholisha kokugcina ngaphambi kokukhipha empompini wethusi ofakiwe ngomklamo we-nickel ocolekile.
Iphampu kagesi yandisa umfutho wamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa inani lemfucuza enqubweni yokuhlunga: isilinganiso singamagaloni angu-1.5 amanzi ahlungiwe kuya kugaloni elilodwa lamanzi alahlekile. Izihlungi zamanzi zidinga ukushintshwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni. Abasebenzisi bangaqedela ukufakwa ngosizo lwezifundo ezibhaliwe zenkampani kanye nevidiyo. Usekelo lwefoni luyatholakala kulabo abahlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga noma abanemibuzo engahlanganiswanga encwadini enikeziwe.
Njengoba inezinsiza eziningi ezilula ukuzifaka kanye nokuthuthukiswa okufana nezihlungi ze-UV, i-alkaline kanye ne-deionization, lolu hlelo lwe-reverse osmosis olunezigaba ezinhlanu luyisisombululo esihle cishe kunoma yiliphi ikhaya elisebenzisa amanzi edolobheni.
Kulesi simiso, amanzi aqala adlule enhlabathini kanye nezihlungi ezimbili zekhabhoni ngaphambi kokufinyelela kulwelwesi olungemuva lwe-osmosis, olususa ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu ezingcolisayo. Isigaba sokugcina sisebenzisa isihlungi sekhabhoni sesithathu ukususa noma yibuphi ubuthi obusele.
Lolu hlelo olungabizi luza nezihlungi zamanzi ezine ezishintshayo ezidinga ukushintshwa kabili ngonyaka. Inkinga eyodwa yalolu hlelo ukuthi alukho iphampu, ngakho-ke luchitha cishe amalitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-3 amanzi.
Ukuhlunga amanzi akudingi isikhathi esiningi, futhi ukufaka uhlelo lokuhlunga akudingi isikhathi esibalulekile. Lolu hlelo lwe-Waterdrop lungenye yezinhlelo zokuhlunga amanzi ezishibhile kakhulu ngaphansi kwesinki, luthatha imizuzu emi-3 kuphela ukufakwa, okwenza kube lula ukuthola amanzi ompompi ahlanzekile.
Lo modeli futhi uyisinqumo esihle kubathengi abangenaso isikhala esanele sohlelo olukhulu lokuhlunga amanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuncane kuxhuma ngqo emgqeni wamanzi abandayo futhi kuletha amanzi ahlungiwe ngekhabhoni avela empompini oyinhloko, kunciphisa iphunga nokungcola okufana ne-chlorine, i-sediment, ukugqwala nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo. Nakuba kungasusi ukungcola okuningi njengohlelo lwe-reverse osmosis, kugcina amaminerali awusizo njenge-calcium, i-potassium ne-magnesium.
I-Waterdrop inezifakelo ezilula ukuzifaka kanye nesistimu yokukhiya egoqekayo ukuze kube lula ukushintsha isihlungi esingaphansi kwesinki. Ukuze kube lula ukuyilungisa, isihlungi ngasinye sinokuphila okuphezulu kwezinyanga ezingu-24 noma amalitha angu-16,000.
Enye inketho enhle evela ku-Waterdrop yamakhishi anesikhala esincane ngaphansi kwesinki. Lolu hlelo lwe-reverse osmosis olungenathangi olunesitayela luncane ngobukhulu kodwa alunciphisi izici ezikhethekile. Ubuchwepheshe obusha benza ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile kube lula. Iphampu yangaphakathi iqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okusheshayo kanye nemfucuza encane ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1 samanzi angcolile ahlungiwe namanzi angcolile, futhi umshini wokubona ukuvuza uyawavala amanzi uma ipayipi livuza.
Izihlungi ezintathu ezingaphansi kwesinki zihlinzeka ngokuhlanzwa kwezigaba eziningi, okuhlanganisa izihlungi ze-sediment ne-carbon, i-reverse osmosis membrane kanye nesihlungi se-activated carbon block, esesibili esisebenzisa ama-activated carbon granules enziwe ngamagobolondo emvelo kakhukhunathi ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamanzi akho. Izinkomba eziwusizo zishintsha umbala uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha isihlungi. Ukuze uthole usizo lokufaka, sebenzisa incwadi yemiyalelo efakiwe noma incwadi yemiyalelo eku-inthanethi. QAPHELA. Uhlelo kumele luhlanzwe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Abathengi abanesifiso sokuhlanganisa impompi entsha nesihlungi samanzi esingaphansi kwesinki kufanele bacabangele lolu hlobo oluvela ku-Aquasana. Itholakala ngeziphetho ezintathu zesitayela ukuze ivumelane nezinhlobonhlobo zemihlobiso yasekhishini, uhlelo lunezigaba ezimbili zokuhlunga ezisusa ukungcola okungu-77 okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-lead ne-mercury, kanye no-97% we-chlorine nama-chloramine. Izihlungi ezingaphansi kwesinki zisebenzisa izingxenye zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye kuphela futhi zinobungani kakhulu nemvelo.
Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlelo lwamanzi olungaphansi kwesinki alusebenzisi i-reverse osmosis membrane, amanzi awachithwa futhi inqubo yokuhlunga igcina amaminerali awusizo. Isikhathi sokuhlunga singamagaloni angu-600 futhi singahlala izinyanga ezi-6. Abanikazi bangaqedela ukufakwa ngosizo lomhlahlandlela onemininingwane.
Nakuba amanzi alula anele abantu abaningi, abanye bakhetha ukunambitheka kanye nezinzuzo zempilo ezibonwayo zokuphuza amanzi ane-alkaline. Ngenxa yokuthi izihlungi zamaminerali zengeza i-calcium carbonate ehlanzekile kakhulu emanzini ahlungiwe, abaphuza amanzi ane-alkaline manje sebengajabulela lesi siphuzo se-pH ephezulu ngqo kusuka empompini ngalesi sihlungi esivela ku-Apec Water Systems.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlunga, amabhlogo e-carbon amabili kanye nama-membrane e-reverse osmosis asusa u-99% wezinto ezingcolisayo ezingaphezu kuka-1,000, okuhlanganisa i-chlorine, i-fluoride, i-arsenic, i-lead kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Lolu hlelo lokuhlunga ngaphansi kwesinki luyisinqumo esithembekile esiqinisekiswe yi-Water Quality Association futhi luqinisekisa umkhiqizo wokuhlunga amanzi osezingeni eliphezulu.
Isihlungi siza nepayipi le-nickel elinomshini wokuxubha onesitayela. Khumbula ukuthi lesi sihlungi kumele sibhekele amanzi angcolile njengoba sinesilinganiso esiphezulu kancane samagaloni angu-1 (ahlungiwe) kuya kwangu-3 (amanzi angcolile). Amavidiyo nemiyalelo iyatholakala kulabo abakhetha ukufakwa kwe-DIY.
Nakuba amanzi omthombo engaphathwa ngamakhemikhali anjenge-chlorine, angase abe nezinto ezingcolisayo njengesihlabathi, ukugqwala kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Acebile ngensimbi futhi ngezinye izikhathi aqukethe amagciwane ayingozi. Ngakho-ke, amakhaya anamanzi omthombo adinga uhlelo lokuhlunga olungavikela kulezi zinto ezingcolisayo kanye nobuthi.
Uhlelo lwamanzi olungaphansi kwesinki olubhaliswe yi-Home Master's EPA lusebenzisa izigaba eziyisikhombisa zokuhlunga, okuhlanganisa isihlungi sensimbi kanye nesihlanzisi se-ultraviolet (UV), ukususa kufika ku-99% wensimbi, i-hydrogen sulfide, izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nezinkulungwane zokungcola. . ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Inqubo yokuvuselela amaminerali inezela amaminerali awusizo, okuhlanganisa inani elincane le-calcium ne-magnesium.
Lesi sihlungi singaphatha amanzi angafika kumalitha angu-2,000, okulingana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okujwayelekile cishe unyaka owodwa. Ikhithi ifaka ukufakwa kwe-DIY kanye nencwadi yemiyalelo enemininingwane.
Inkinga ngezihlungi eziningi zamanzi ezingaphansi kwesinki ukuthi ukufaka impompi entsha kudinga ukubhoboza imbobo eyengeziwe ekhawunteni. Ukufinyelela kungaba nzima futhi abantu abaningi abakuthandi ukuba namapompo ahlukene. Lo mkhiqizo we-CuZn ube yindlela ehlukile efakazelwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ufakwa ngokushesha nangokulula ohlelweni lwamanzi abandayo olukhona futhi uthatha isikhala esincane ngaphansi kwesinki.
Ukuhlunga okunezindlela ezintathu kusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-microsedimentation, i-coconut shell activated carbon kanye ne-KDF-55 filter media ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukulwa ne-chlorine kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezincibilika emanzini. Zombili zinciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcola okungokwemvelo nokungaphili, futhi umjikelezo wokufaka esikhundleni sesihlungi ungahlala iminyaka emi-5.
Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwesihlungi alusebenzi ekususeni izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe (i-TDS) futhi akufanele lusetshenziswe ukuhlunga amanzi emithonjeni.
Amapayipi okugeza avame ukuba namazinga okugeleza aphansi kunamapayipi asekhishini, futhi izihlungi zamanzi ezinezigaba eziningi zingavimbela kakhulu ukugeleza kwamanzi. Amapayipi amaningi okugeza anendawo encane engasetshenziswa kunezihlungi ezingaphansi kwesinki ekhishini. I-Frizzlife Under Sink Water Filter inikeza ikhambi lazo zombili lezi zinkinga.
Izinga lokugeleza lingamagaloni amabili ngomzuzu (GPM), okulingana nokugcwalisa indebe ejwayelekile yama-ounce angu-11 ngemizuzwana emi-3 nje. Iyunithi eyodwa yokuhlunga ingafakwa ngokushesha emigqeni yamanzi abandayo ekhona, kuqedwe isidingo samatangi amakhulu noma amaphampu. Izigaba ezimbili zekhabhoni ezingama-micron angu-0.5 zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-National Sanitation Foundation zokususa ngokuphephile i-fluoride, i-lead kanye ne-arsenic emanzini ngenkathi kuvumela amaminerali awusizo ukuthi adlule. Isihlungi kuphela esidinga ukushintshwa, isilinda sangaphandle asidingi ukushintshwa, okunciphisa izindleko.
Njengezihlungi eziningi zekhabhoni, i-Frizzlife ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe namanzi omthombo. Kufanele kukhethwe uhlelo lwe-RO.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlunga amanzi. Uhlelo lokuhlunga olungcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwesinki luzofanela isikhala sakho, umthamo kanye nezidingo zokufakwa ngenkathi lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga zifaka phakathi uhlobo kanye nezinga lokuhlunga, ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nengcindezi, ukususwa kwephunga, kanye namanzi angcolile.
Izinketho zezihlungi zamanzi ezingaphansi kwesinki zisukela ekunamathiselweni okulula kuya emigqeni yamanzi abandayo ekhona kanye nama-faucet kuya ezinhlelweni eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo ezivamile zifaka phakathi i-reverse osmosis, i-ultrafiltration (UF), kanye nezihlungi zamanzi e-carbon. Izinhlelo ze-RO reverse osmosis zisusa ukungcola emanzini akho futhi zilethe amanzi ahlungiwe nge-faucet ehlukile. Izinhlelo ze-reverse osmosis zisebenza ngokusunduza amanzi nge-membrane enezimbobo ezincane kakhulu ezingadlula kuzo ama-molecule amanzi kuphela, zisusa ubuthi obungaphezu kwe-1,000 njenge-chlorine, i-fluoride, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye namagciwane kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Izinhlelo ze-reverse osmosis ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zinezigaba eziningi zokuhlunga, okuhlanganisa nezihlungi zekhabhoni, ngakho-ke zingathatha isikhala esiningi sekhabhinethi futhi zidinga ukufakwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-DIY.
I-Ultrafiltration isebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-fiber olungenalutho ukuvimbela ukungcola kanye nokungcola ukuthi kungangeni emanzini. Nakuba ingasusi ubuthi obuningi njengohlelo lwe-reverse osmosis, ingagcina amaminerali awusizo asusiwe ohlelweni lokuhlunga amanzi lapho ama-molecule amanzi kuphela angadlula khona.
Kulula futhi ukuyifaka ngoba ivame ukuba yisengezo kumpompi okhona. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ixhunywe kumpompi oyinhloko, isikhathi sokuhlunga singaba sifushane kunesistimu enesici esihlukile.
Izihlungi zekhabhoni ziyindlela elula kakhulu yokuhlunga, kodwa zisasebenza kahle kakhulu. Zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kusukela emathangini amanzi alula kuya ezinhlelweni zesimanje ezinezigaba eziningi. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ibopha ngamakhemikhali nezinto ezingcolisayo bese izisusa njengoba amanzi edlula esihlungini.
Ukusebenza kahle kwezihlungi zekhabhoni ngazinye kuzohluka, ngakho-ke naka izinga lokuhlunga elishiwo kumkhiqizo, kufaka phakathi ukungcola okususayo. Uhlelo lwe-osmosis oluhambisana nesihlungi sekhabhoni luvame ukuba uhlelo lokuhlunga amanzi ngaphansi kwesinki olungcono kakhulu lokususa ubuthi emanzini ompompi.
Inani kanye nohlobo lokuhluzwa kwamanzi okudingayo kuncike enanini lamanzi ahlungiwe umndeni wakho owadingayo nsuku zonke. Kubantu abahlala bodwa, ijagi noma into elula enamathiselwe ngaphansi kwesinki izokwanela. Emindenini emikhulu esebenzisa njalo inani elikhulu lamanzi okuphuza noma okupheka ahlungiwe, uhlelo lwe-reverse osmosis lungahlunga kalula amalitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-75 amanzi ngosuku.
Nakuba izihlungi ezinkulu ezithwala amanzi zidinga ukushintshwa kaningi, zithatha isikhala esiningi ngaphansi kwesinki, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo ze-reverse osmosis ezinamadamu okugcina amanzi. Leli iphuzu elibalulekile uma unesikhala esincane sekhabethe.
Ukugeleza kulinganisa ukuthi amanzi ageleza ngokushesha kangakanani empompini. Lokhu kuzothinta ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukugcwalisa ingilazi noma ibhodwe lokupheka. Uma amazinga amaningi okuhlunga ephuma kancane empompini, ngakho-ke izinkampani zisebenza kule ndawo ngokunikeza ukugeleza kwamanzi okusheshayo njengendawo yokuthengisa. Izinhlelo ze-RO zinama-valve ahlukene; noma kunjalo, uma izihlungi ezingaphansi kwesinki zisebenzisa impompi eyinhloko, abasebenzisi bangase babone ukwehla okuncane kokugeleza kwamanzi.
Izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi libalwa ngamalitha ngomzuzu futhi ngokuvamile lisukela kumalitha angu-0.8 kuya kwangu-2 ngomzuzu kuye ngomkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi akuxhomekile kuphela kumkhiqizo, kodwa futhi nasekucindezelweni kwamanzi asekhaya kanye nenani labasebenzisi.
Ukugeleza kubonakala ngesivinini, kanti ingcindezi yamanzi inqunywa ngamandla. Ingcindezi yamanzi ephansi kakhulu izovimbela ukuhlungwa okuvamile kusihlungi se-RO esingaphansi kwesinki njengoba uhlelo lusebenzisa ingcindezi ukuphoqa ama-molecule amanzi ukuthi adlule kulwelwesi. Ingcindezi yamanzi asekhaya ilinganiswa ngamakhilogremu nge-intshi yesikwele (psi).
Izihlungi eziningi ezinkulu ezingaphansi kwesinki zidinga okungenani ingcindezi engu-40 kuya ku-45 psi ukuze zisebenze kahle. Emakhaya ajwayelekile, ingcindezi ephezulu ivame ukuba yi-60 psi. Ingcindezi yamanzi nayo ithintwa ubukhulu bendlu kanye nenani labasebenzisi ekhaya.
Cishe isigamu sabantu baseMelika abaphuza amanzi kamasipala bakhononda ngephunga elisemanzini abo ompompi, ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva lwe-Consumer Reports. Nakuba iphunga lingasho njalo ukuthi kunenkinga, lingenza ukuthambisa kungakhangi kangako.
I-Chlorine, ikhemikhali esetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi ukususa amabhaktheriya, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane emanzini, ingenye yemithombo evame kakhulu yephunga. Ngenhlanhla, izihlungi zamanzi eziningi ezingaphansi kwesinki noma ngisho ne-pitcher zingasiza ekunciphiseni iphunga nokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka. Uma izinga lokuhlunga liphezulu, uhlelo lususa ukungcola kanye nephunga elivelayo ngempumelelo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izihlungi eziningi ze-RO ezingaphansi kwesinki zinempompi ehlukile. Amasinki amaningi akhelwe ngaphakathi anemigodi eyenziwe ngaphambilini (eminye ingadinga ukubhobozwa) ukuze ifake impompi yesibili.
Nokho, abanye badinga ukubhoboza umgodi omusha, okungaba yiphutha kwabanye. Abathengi bangabheka nesitayela sempompi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihambisana nobuhle bomklamo wabo. Iningi labo linephrofayili yethusi elincane kanye nokuqedwa kwe-nickel noma i-chrome okuxutshwe ngebhulashi. Abanye abakhiqizi banikeza ukuqedwa okuhlukile.
Ukufaka uhlelo lokuhlunga amanzi kungasukela kumaphrojekthi alula e-DIY athatha imizuzu embalwa kuya emisebenzini enemininingwane eminingi engadinga usizo lochwepheshe, kuye ngekhono lomuntu. Labo abasebenzisa impompi eyinhloko njengomthombo wabo wamanzi bazodinga isikhathi esincane nomzamo wokufaka, okuvame ukudinga ukuxhuma isihlungi entanjeni yamanzi abandayo.