Lapho ukhetha isihlanzi samanzi esingaphansi kukasinki, kunemingcele embalwa okufanele icatshangelwe:

1. **Uhlobo Lokuhlanza Amanzi:**
- Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezitholakalayo ezihlanganisa i-Microfiltration (MF), i-Ultrafiltration (UF), i-Nanofiltration (NF), ne-Reverse Osmosis (RO). Lapho ukhetha, cabangela ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga, ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi, ukushintshwa kwe-cartridge kalula, ubude bempilo, kanye nezindleko zokushintshwa.

2. **Ukuhlunga okuncane (MF):**
- Ukunemba kokuhlunga kuvame ukuhluka kusuka kuma-microns angu-0.1 kuye kwangama-50. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka izihlungi ze-PP, izihlungi zekhabhoni ezicushiwe, kanye nezihlungi ze-ceramic. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlunga okumahhadla, ukususa izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezifana nenhlabathi nokugqwala.

– Ububi buhlanganisa ukungakwazi ukususa izinto eziyingozi njengamabhaktheriya, ukungakwazi ukuhlanza amakhatriji okuhlunga (okuvame ukulahlwa), kanye nokushintshwa okuvamile okudingekayo.

3. **I-Ultrafiltration (UF):**
- Ukunemba kokuhlunga kusuka ku-0.001 kuye ku-0.1 microns. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa i-membrane yomehluko wokucindezela ukususa ukugqwala, i-sediment, colloid, amagciwane, nama-molecule amakhulu e-organic.

– Izinzuzo zihlanganisa izinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela amanzi, ukuhlanzwa okulula nokuwashwa ngemuva, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza.

4. **I-Nanofiltration (NF):**
- Ukunemba kokuhlunga kuphakathi kwe-UF ne-RO. Idinga ugesi nokucindezela kobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi. Ingakwazi ukususa ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium kodwa ingase ingawasusi ngokuphelele ama-ion ayingozi.

– Okubi kuhlanganisa izinga eliphansi lokubuyisela amanzi kanye nokungakwazi ukuhlunga izinto ezithile eziyingozi.

5. **I-Reverse Osmosis (RO):**
- Ukunemba okuphezulu kokuhlunga okungaba ngu-0.0001 microns. Ingakwazi ukuhlunga cishe konke ukungcola okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amagciwane, izinsimbi ezisindayo, nama-antibiotics.

– Izinzuzo zihlanganisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhipha usawoti emanzini, amandla aphezulu emishini, isikhathi eside sokuphila, nokubekezelela amathonya amakhemikhali nawemvelo.

Ngokwamandla okuhlunga, izinga ngokuvamile liyi-Microfiltration > Ultrafiltration > Nanofiltration > Reverse Osmosis. Kokubili i-Ultrafiltration ne-Reverse Osmosis yizinqumo ezifanele kuye ngokuthandwa. I-Ultrafiltration ilula futhi ibiza kancane kodwa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile. I-Reverse Osmosis ilungele izidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi ephezulu, njengokwenza itiye noma ikhofi, kodwa ingase idinge izinyathelo ezengeziwe ukuze zisetshenziswe. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile kanye nokuncamelayo.