Isingeniso
Nakuba izimakethe ezivuthiwe eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia ziqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yabasabalalisi bamanzi, iminotho esafufusa e-Afrika, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, naseLatin America iba yindawo yokulwa elandelayo yokukhula. Njengoba ukwanda kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kukhuphuka, ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngezempilo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha kwamanzi eziholwa nguhulumeni, lezi zifunda zinikeza amathuba amakhulu kanye nezinselele ezihlukile. Le bhulogi ihlola indlela imboni yabasabalalisi bamanzi evumelana ngayo nezimo ukuze ivule amandla ezimakethe ezisafufusa, lapho ukufinyelela amanzi ahlanzekile kusalokhu kuyimpi yansuku zonke yezigidi.

Isimo Semakethe Esafufusa

Imakethe yokusabalalisa amanzi emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesivinini esikhulu6.8% I-CAGRkuze kube ngu-2030, kodwa iminotho esafufusa idlula leli zinga:

• I-AfrikaUkukhula kwemakethe ye9.3% I-CAGR(Frost & Sullivan), eqhutshwa yizixazululo ezisebenzisa amandla elanga ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwegridi.
• INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Isidingo sikhuphuka ngo-11% ngonyaka(Mordor Intelligence), ekhuthazwa ukusabalala kwezindawo zasemadolobheni e-Indonesia naseVietnam.
• i-Latin America: IBrazil neMexico zihola phambiliUkukhula okungu-8.5%, okubangelwa yizinkinga zesomiso kanye nemikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi.

Noma kunjalo, sekuphelileAbantu abayizigidi ezingu-300kulezi zifunda zisantula ukufinyelela okuthembekile kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, okudala isidingo esibalulekile sezixazululo ezingandiswa.

Izinto Eziyinhloko Ezibangela Ukukhula

1. Ukufudukela Kwasemadolobheni Nokwanda Kwabantu Bezinga Eliphakathi
   • Inani labantu basemadolobheni ase-Afrika lizophindeka kabili ngo-2050 (UN-Habitat), okwandisa isidingo semishini yokukhipha amanzi emakhaya nasehhovisi elula.
   • Isigaba esiphakathi saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyeleleIzigidi ezingu-350 ngo-2030(OECD), bebeka phambili impilo kanye nokulula.
2. Izinhlelo Zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona ezomthetho
   • I-IndiaImishini kaJal Jeevanihlose ukufaka iziteshi zamanzi zomphakathi eziyizigidi ezingama-25 ezindaweni zasemakhaya ngo-2025.
   • EKenyaAmanzi eMajikiphrojekthi isebenzisa amajeneretha amanzi asemoyeni asebenzisa amandla elanga (ama-AWG) ezindaweni ezomile.
3. Izidingo Zokumelana Nesimo Sezulu
   • Izindawo ezisengozini yesomiso njengeChihuahua Desert yaseMexico kanye neCape Town yaseNingizimu Afrika zisebenzisa ama-dispenser ahlukene ukuze kuncishiswe ukushoda kwamanzi.

Ukuqamba Okusha Kwendawo Ukuvala Izikhala

Ukuze kuxazululwe izithiyo zengqalasizinda nezomnotho, izinkampani zicabanga kabusha ngokuklama nokusabalalisa:

• Iziphakeli Ezisebenzisa Amandla Elanga:
  • Amanzi eLanga(eNigeria) ihlinzeka ngamayunithi okukhokhelwa njengoba uqhubeka ezikoleni zasemakhaya, inciphisa ukuthembela kugesi wegridi ongaguquki.
  • I-EcoZen(eNdiya) ihlanganisa abasabalalisi begesi nama-microgrid elanga, ikhonza amadolobhana angaphezu kuka-500.
• Amamodeli Angabizi Kakhulu, Ahlala Isikhathi Eside:
  • I-AquaClara(eLatin America) isebenzisa uqalo kanye nobumba oluvela endaweni ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko ngo-40%.
  • I-Safi(e-Uganda) inikeza abasabalalisi abangu-$50 abanokuhlunga okunezigaba ezintathu, okuhloselwe imindeni engenayo ephansi.
• Ama-Kiosks Amanzi Ahambayo:
  • I-WaterGenbasebenzisana nohulumeni base-Afrika ukuze kufakwe ama-AWG afakwe amaloli ezindaweni zezinhlekelele nasemakamu ababaleki.

Ucwaningo Lwecala: Inguquko Yabasabalalisi BaseVietnam

Ukwanda okusheshayo kwedolobha laseVietnam (45% wabantu emadolobheni ngo-2025) kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuye kwabangela ukwanda kwemishini yokusabalalisa:

• Isu:
  • Iqembu le-Kangarooibusa ngamayunithi ekhawuntara angu-$100 anezilawuli zezwi zolimi lwesiVietnam.
  • Ubambiswano nohlelo lokusebenza lokuthutha abagibeliThathavumela ukufakwa kwezihlungi zomnyango.
• Umthelela:
  • Ama-70% emindeni yasemadolobheni manje asebenzisa imishini yokukhipha indle, kusukela kuma-22% ngo-2018 (uMnyango Wezempilo waseVietnam).
  • Kuncishiswe imfucuza yamabhodlela epulasitiki ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 ngonyaka.

Izinselele Ezimakethe Ezisafufusa Ezingena Ngena

1. Ukuntuleka Kwengqalasizinda: Ama-35% kuphela e-Afrika eseNingizimu yeSahara anogesi othembekile (iBhange Lomhlaba), okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli kagesi.
2. Izithiyo Zokukwazi Ukukhokhela: Imali engenayo yanyanga zonke ephakathi kuka-$200–$500 yenza amayunithi e-premium angatholakali ngaphandle kwezinketho zezimali.
3. Ukungabaza Kwamasiko: Imiphakathi yasemakhaya ivame ukungawethembi “amanzi omshini,” ikhetha imithombo yendabuko njengemithombo yamanzi.
4. Ubunzima Bokusabalalisa: Amaketanga okuphakelwa ahlukene akhuphula izindleko ezindaweni ezikude