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Izihlungi zamanzi ze-Big Berkey zinehlelo lokulandela. Besicwaninga ngezitsha ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlunga amanzi kanye nezihlungi zamanzi ezihamba kahle ngaphansi kukasinki iminyaka, futhi sibuzwa ngeBig Berkey izikhathi eziningi. Umkhiqizi uthi lesi sihlungi singasusa ukungcola okuningi kunezinye izihlungi. Nokho, ngokungafani nezinye izinketho zethu zokuhlunga, i-Big Berkey ayiqinisekisiwe ngokuzimela kumazinga e-NSF/ANSI.
Ngemva kwamahora angu-50 ocwaningo nokuhlolwa kwelebhu okuzimele kwezimangalo zomkhiqizi u-Big Berkey, imiphumela yethu yokuhlolwa, kanye nemiphumela yenye ilebhu esikhulume nayo kanye nelebhu yesithathu imiphumela yayo etholakala esidlangalaleni, ayihambisani ngokuphelele. Sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI: sivumela abantu ukuthi benze izinqumo zokuthenga ngokusekelwe ekuqhathaniseni okuthembekile kokusebenza kwama-apula nama-apula. Ukwengeza, njengoba isistimu ye-Big Berkey inkulu, ibiza kakhulu, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyinakekela kunezimbiza nezihlungi ezingaphansi kukasinki, ngeke siyincome ngisho noma ibiqinisekisiwe.
Amasistimu nezihlungi ze-countertop ye-Berkey zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinketho zokuhlunga amanzi futhi akulula ukuzisebenzisa. Izimangalo zokusebenza kwabakhi aziqinisekiswanga ngokuzimela kumazinga kazwelonke.
I-New Millennium Concepts, umkhiqizi we-Big Berkey, uthi isihlungi singasusa ukungcola okungaphezu kwekhulu, okungaphezulu kakhulu kwezinye izihlungi ezifunzwa amandla adonsela phansi esizibuyekezile. Sihlole lezi zimangalo ngezinga elilinganiselwe, futhi imiphumela yethu yayingahlali ihambisana nemiphumela yaselabhorethri eyagunyazwa i-New Millennium. Ngokukhethekile, imiphumela evela kulabhorethri esiyinike amandla kanye nelabhorethri i-New Millennium eyayisanda kuthola inkontileka yabonisa ukuthi ukuhlunga kwe-chloroform akuphumelelanga njengokuhlola okwesithathu kwangaphambilini (okubikwe futhi emibhalweni yemikhiqizo ye-New Millennium).
Akukho ukuhlola esikubalula lapha (nokunye ukuhlola kwethu noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Envirotek noma ukuhlolwa kwenkontileka entsha ye-New Millennium ye-Los Angeles County Laboratory) okuhlangabezana nobunzima bokuhlolwa kwe-NSF/ANSI. Ngokucacile, i-NSF/ANSI ibidinga ukuthi uhlobo lwesihlungi esisetshenziswa u-Berkey kufanele ludlule kabili umthamo olinganiselwe wesihlungi amanzi angcolile akalwa ngaso ngaphambi kokuthatha izilinganiso. Nakuba zonke izivivinyo esizivumelayo ne-New Millennium, ngokolwazi lwethu, zicophelela futhi zisebenza ngobungcweti, ngakunye kusebenzisa iphrothokholi yayo, engadingi abasebenzi abaningi. Njengoba kungekho ukuhlola okwenziwa kumazinga aphelele e-NSF/ANSI, asinayo indlela ecacile yokuqhathanisa ngokunembile imiphumela noma ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kukonke kwesihlungi se-Burkey kulokho esikuhlolile esikhathini esidlule.
Enye indawo lapho wonke umuntu ayevumelana khona yayiwukukhipha umthofu emanzini okuphuza, okwakubonisa ukuthi iBig Berkey yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokukhipha izinsimbi ezisindayo. Ngakho-ke uma unenkinga eyaziwayo ngomthofu noma ezinye izinsimbi emanzini akho, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubheke ku-Big Berks njengesinyathelo sesikhashana.
Ngaphezu kobunzima bokuqhathanisa imiphumela yaselabhorethri engqubuzanayo, i-New Millennium Concepts ayizange iphendule ezicelweni eziningi zenhlolokhono ukuze kuxoxwe ngokutholakele kwethu. Sekukonke, imibiko yethu isinika ukuqonda okungacacile kwezinhlelo zika-Berkey, akunjalo ngabanye abakhiqizi abaningi besihlungi.
Ukuze kuhlungwe amanzi kwansuku zonke, izihlungi eziningi eziqinisekisiwe ze-NSF/ANSI nezihlungi ezingaphansi kukasinki zincane, zilula kakhulu, zishibhile ukuzithenga nokuyinakekela, futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Baphinde banikeze ukuziphendulela okuhlobene nokuhlola okuzimele nokusobala.
Khumbula ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zamanzi zikamasipala ziphephile ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuthi wazi ukuthi kunenkinga endaweni, cishe ngeke udinge ukuhlungwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Uma ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo kukukhathaza kakhulu, cabangela amathiphu asuka kumhlahlandlela wethu wokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo, ohlanganisa imikhiqizo namathiphu okugcina amanzi ahlanzekile efinyeleleka.
Kusukela ngo-2016, ngiye ngangamela umhlahlandlela wethu wezihlungi zamanzi, okuhlanganisa izimbiza namasistimu angaphansi kukasinki. U-John Holecek ungumcwaningi wangaphambili we-NOAA obelokhu esihlolela ikhwalithi yomoya nekhwalithi yamanzi kusukela ngo-2014. Ukhiqize izixazululo zokuhlola futhi wasebenza namalebhu azimele egameni le-Wirecutter ukuze abhale lo mhlahlandlela kanye nomhlahlandlela wesihlungi se-pitcher. I-EnviroMatrix Analytical igunyazwe uMnyango Wezempilo Yomphakathi wase-California ukuhlola amanzi okuphuza njalo.
I-Big Berkey filtration systems kanye nezinhlelo ezifanayo ezivela e-Alexapure ne-ProOne (eyayiyi-Propur) zithandwa phakathi kwabantu abathembela emanzini omthombo, okungenzeka aqukathe ukungcola okungasuswa yizindawo zokuhlanza amanzi zikamasipala. UBurkey uphinde abe nokulandela okukhulu phakathi kochwepheshe bokulungela izinhlekelele kanye nabangabazayo bakahulumeni. 1 Abathengisi be-Berkey bakhangisa lezi zinhlelo njengezinsiza zokuphepha eziphuthumayo, futhi ngokunye ukulinganisa bangahlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza ahlungiwe kubantu abangafika kwabayi-170 ngosuku.
Noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu sentshisekelo yakho ku-Berkey nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokuhlunga amanzi, kufanele sigcizelele ukuthi amanzi amaningi kamasipala e-United States ahlanzeke kakhulu ekuqaleni. Asikho isihlungi esingasusa ukungcola okungakatholakali, ngakho-ke ngaphandle uma unenkinga eyaziwayo, cishe ngeke usidingi nhlobo isihlungi.
Abenzi be-Big Berkey bathi idivayisi ingasusa ukungcola okungaphezu kwekhulu (okuningi kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi esiphekelwa amandla adonsela phansi esisibuyekezile). Njengoba lesi sihlungi singaqinisekisiwe nge-NSF/ANSI (ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izihlungi esizincomayo kweminye imihlahlandlela), asinaso isisekelo esiqinile sokusiqhathanisa nezinye izihlungi esizihlolile esikhathini esidlule. Ngakho-ke sinqume ukwenza ukuhlola okuzimele ukuze sizame ukuphinda eminye yale miphumela.
Ukuze uhlole lezi zimangalo, njengokuhlola i-canister, u-John Holecek ulungise lokho akubiza ngokuthi “izixazululo zenkinga” futhi waziqhuba ngohlelo lwe-Big Berkey (elifakelwe isihlungi se-Black Berkey). Wabe esethumela amasampula esixazululo namanzi ahlungiwe ku-EnviroMatrix Analytical, ilabhorethri ezimele egunyazwe nguHulumeni waseCalifornia, ukuze ihlaziywe. Ukuze enze uhlolo lwe-Big Burkey, walungisa izixazululo ezimbili: esinye siqukethe umthofu omningi oncibilikile, esinye siqukethe i-chloroform. Bazonikeza umbono wokusebenza kahle okuphelele kwesihlungi maqondana nezinsimbi ezisindayo nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo.
U-John ulungiselele amasampula okulawula ukuze ahlangabezane noma eqe ukugxiliswa kokungcola okucaciswe kusitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI (150 µg/L ngomthofu kanye no-300 µg/L we-chloroform). Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwedayi ye-Berkey (ividiyo), ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi sifakiwe futhi sisebenza kahle, wagijima igaloni lesisombululo esingcolile nge-Berkey futhi walahla i-filtrate (amanzi nanoma yini enye edlula isihlungi). Ukuze alinganise isisombululo esingcolile, wahlunga isamba esingamalitha amabili oketshezi ngeBurkey, wakhipha isampula yokulawula kugalani lesibili, futhi waqoqa amasampula amabili okuhlola e-filtrate kuyo. Amasampula okulawula kanye ne-leachate abe esethunyelwa ku-EnviroMatrix Analytical ukuze ahlolwe. Ngenxa yokuthi i-chloroform iguquguquka kakhulu futhi “ifuna” ukuhwamuka futhi ihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlanganisela ezikhona, uJohn uxuba i-chloroform ibe yisisombululo esingcolile ngaphambi nje kokuhluzwa.
I-EnviroMatrix Analytical isebenzisa i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ukukala i-chloroform nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo (noma ama-VOC). Okuqukethwe okuholayo kukalwa kusetshenziswa i-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ehlanganisiwe ngokungenisa imali ngokuya nge-EPA Method 200.8.
Imiphumela ye-EnviroMatrix Analytical iphikisana kancane futhi isekela izimangalo ze-New Millennium. Izihlungi ezimnyama ze-Berkey zisebenza kancane ekususeni i-chloroform. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, benza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokunciphisa umthofu. (Bheka isigaba esilandelayo ukuze uthole imiphumela egcwele.)
Sabelane ngemiphumela yethu yelebhu no-Jamie Young, usokhemisi kanye nomnikazi/umphathi welabhorethri yokuhlola amanzi enelayisensi yaseNew Jersey (ngaleso sikhathi eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Envirotek) elawulwa yi-New Millennium Concepts (umdali wesistimu ye-Big Berkey) eyasungulwa ngo-2014. ukuhlola kwakho siqu. Lesi isihlungi se-Black Berkey. 2 Young uqinisekise lokho esikutholile nge-chloroform nomthofu.
I-New Millennium yenze ezinye izivivinyo esikhathini esidlule, okuhlanganisa nokukodwa ngo-2012 okwenziwa nguKhomishana Wezolimo Wesifunda sase-Los Angeles/Umnyango Wesisindo Nezilinganiso Zendawo Yelabhorethri Ye-Toxicology; kulo mbiko, i-chloroform (PDF) ibhalwe ngempela njengeBlack Berkey ngokwamazinga omnyango (EPA, hhayi okukodwa kokungcola okususwe yi-NSF/ANSI). Ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngo-2012, umsebenzi we-toxicology wadluliselwa eMnyangweni Wezempilo Yomphakathi wase-Los Angeles. Sithinte i-DPH futhi yaqinisekisa ukuthi umbiko wangempela unembile. Kodwa i-New Millennium ichaze ukuhlolwa kuka-Young “njengomjikelezo wakamuva” futhi imiphumela yakhe ingeyakamuva ohlwini lwe-Birkey Water Knowledge Base, i-New Millennium eyigcinayo ukuze ibhale imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi iphendule imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kuwebhusayithi ezimele.
Izinqubo zokuhlola ze-Wirecutter, Young kanye ne-Los Angeles County azihambisani. Futhi njengoba kungekho neyodwa yazo efinyelela amazinga e-NSF/ANSI, asinaso isisekelo esijwayelekile sokuqhathanisa imiphumela.
Ngakho, umbono wethu jikelele ngohlelo lweBig Berkey awuncikile kakhulu emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwethu. I-Big Berkey isebenziseka kalula futhi iyonga kangangokuthi sincoma isihlungi esivamile se-gravity-fed canister kubafundi abaningi, nakuba i-Berkey yenza yonke into ethi New Millennium ethi ingayenza njengesihlungi.
Siphinde savula izihlungi ezimbalwa zeBlack Berkey ukuze sibone ukuthi zakhiwe kanjani futhi sithole ubufakazi bokuthi ziqukethe “okungenani” izici zokuhlunga eziyisithupha, njengoba kusho umnyango wezokumaketha wakwa-Berkey. Sithole ukuthi nakuba isihlungi se-Berkey sikhulu futhi siminyene kunezihlungi ze-Brita ne-3M Filtrete, zibonakala zinendlela yokuhlunga efanayo: ikhabhoni ecushiwe efakwe inhlaka yokushintshanisa i-ion.
Amasistimu okuhlunga e-Berkey awela esigabeni esikhulu sezihlungi ezifunzwa amandla adonsela phansi. Lezi zixhobo ezilula zisebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi ukuze zidonse amanzi omthombo ekamelweni eliphezulu ngesihlungi semeshi esihle; amanzi ahlungiwe aqoqwe ekamelweni eliphansi futhi angasakazwa kusukela lapho. Lena indlela ephumelelayo nesetshenziswa kabanzi, lapho izihlungi ze-canister ziyisibonelo esivamile.
Izihlungi ze-Berkey zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi okuphuza angcoliswe umthofu. Ekuhloleni kwethu, behlise amaleveli omthofu ukusuka ku-170 µg/L kuya ku-0.12 µg/L nje kuphela, okwedlula kude imfuneko yesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI sokunciphisa amaleveli omthofu ukusuka ku-150 µg/L ukuya ku-10 µg/L noma ngaphansi.
Kodwa ekuhloleni kwethu nge-chloroform, isihlungi se-Black Berkey senze kabi, sehlisa okuqukethwe kwe-chloroform kwesampula yokuhlola ngo-13% nje, ukusuka ku-150 µg/L kuya ku-130 µg/L. I-NSF/ANSI idinga ukuncishiswa okungu-95% ukusuka ku-300 µg/L ukuya ku-15 µg/L noma ngaphansi. (Isixazululo sethu sokuhlola silungiselwe izinga le-NSF/ANSI lika-300 µg/L, kodwa ukuntengantenga kwe-chloroform kusho ukuthi yenza izinhlanganisela ezintsha ngokushesha noma ihwamuke, ngakho ukugxila kwayo kwehlela ku-150 µg/L uma ihlolwa. Kodwa nokuhlolwa kwe-EnviroMatrix Analytical ama-caps (amanye ama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo angakhiqizwa yi-chloroform, ngakho sikholelwa ukuthi imiphumela inembile.) U-Jamie Young, onelayisensi unjiniyela wokuhlola amanzi waseNew Jersey owenze umzuliswano wakamuva wokuhlola i-New Millennium Concepts, naye wenza kabi nge-chloroform yesihlungi seBlack Berkey.
Nokho, i-New Millennium Concepts ebhokisini lokuhlunga ithi isihlungi se-Black Berkey sehlisa i-chloroform ngo-99.8% ukuze ibe “ngaphansi kwemingcele ebonakala ilabhorethri.” (Le nombolo ibonakala isekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa eyenziwe yi-Los Angeles County Laboratory ngo-2012. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa [PDF] iyatholakala kusizinda solwazi se-Berkey Water, exhunywe (kodwa hhayi ingxenye) yesayithi le-Berkey main.)
Ukuze kucace, thina, i-Envirotek, noma i-Los Angeles County asiphindanga yonke iphrothokholi ye-NSF/ANSI Standard 53 esetshenziselwa izihlungi zamandla adonsela phansi njengeBlack Berkey.
Esimweni sethu, senze ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri ngemuva kokuthi abakwaBlack Berkeys bahlunge amalitha amaningana esixazululo esilungisiwe ekugxilweni kwereferensi ye-NSF/ANSI. Kodwa isitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI sidinga izihlungi ezifunzwa amandla adonsela phansi ukuze zimelane kabili nomthamo wazo wokugeleza olinganiselwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Kusihlungi seBlack Berkey, lokho kusho amalitha ayi-6,000.
Njengathi, u-Jamie Young ulungiselele isisombululo sokuhlola se-NSF/ANSI Standard 53, kodwa asizange sidlule ku-Standard 53 protocol, eyayidinga amalitha angu-6,000 esixazululo esingcolile esisetshenziswa ama-Black Berries ukuze adlule esihlungini. Ubike ukuthi ekuhlolweni kwakhe isisefo siphinde senza kahle ngomthofu, okuqinisekisa lokho esikutholile. Kodwa-ke, uthe abasahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokususwa kwe-NSF ngemva kokuhlunga cishe amalitha ayi-1,100—okungaphezudlwana nje kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeminyaka yokuphila ye-New Millennium ebanga amalitha angu-3,000 wezihlungi zeBlack Berkey.
I-Los Angeles County ilandela iphrothokholi ehlukile ye-EPA lapho isampula eyodwa kuphela ye-2-litre yesixazululo sesampula idlula esihlungini. Ngokungafani nathi no-Young, isifunda sathola ukuthi isihlungi se-Black Berkey sisuse i-chloroform kumazinga okuhlola, kulesi simo esikhulu kuno-99.8%, sisuka ku-250 µg/L saya ngaphansi kuka-0.5 µg/L.
Imiphumela engahambisani yokuhlolwa kwethu uma iqhathaniswa naleyo evela kumalebhu amabili agunyazwe uBurkey isenza singabaze ukuncoma lesi sihlungi, ikakhulukazi uma ungathola ezinye izinketho ezizimele ezinikeza izitifiketi eziphendula yonke le mibuzo evulekile.
Sekukonke, umuzwa wethu wokuhlola usekela isikhundla sethu: sincoma izihlungi zamanzi ngesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI, kuyilapho u-Berkey engenaso leso sitifiketi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindinganiso zesitifiketi ze-NSF/ANSI ziqine kakhulu futhi zisobala: noma ubani angazifunda kuwebhusayithi ye-NSF. Amalabhorethri azimele agunyazwe ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI ngokwawo agunyazwe ngokuqinile. Ngesikhathi sibhala ngalo mhlahlandlela, sakhuluma ne-NSF futhi safunda ukuthi kuzobiza ngaphezu kwesigidi esingu-$1 ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezitifiketi zazo zonke izinto i-New Millennium Concepts ethi isihlungi seBlack Berkey siyayisusa. INew Millennium ithe ikholelwa ukuthi isitifiketi se-NSF asikho isidingo, isho izindleko njengesinye isizathu sokuthi ingakenzi ukuhlolwa.
Kodwa noma kungakhathaliseki ukusebenza kokuhlunga kwangempela, kunezinkinga zangempela ezanele ngalesi sihlungi kangangokuthi kulula ngathi ukuncoma enye yezinketho zethu zokuhlunga amanzi ngaphambi kokuncoma i-Big Berkey. Okokuqala, isistimu ye-Berkey ibiza kakhulu ukuyithenga nokuyinakekela kunanoma yisiphi isihlungi esisincomayo. Ngokungafani nezihlungi esizincomayo, i-Berkey inkulu futhi iyathandeka. Yakhelwe ukuthi ibekwe phezu kwetafula. Kodwa njengoba ingama-intshi angu-19 ubude, ngeke ilingane ngaphansi kwamakhabethe amaningi odongeni, ngokuvamile afakwa amayintshi angu-18 ngaphezu kwetafula. I-Berkey nayo yinde kakhulu ukuze ilingane nokulungiselelwa kwesiqandisi okuningi. Ngale ndlela, mancane amathuba okuthi ugcine amanzi e-Berkey ebanda (okulula ukukwenza ngokukhetha kwethu amatilosi ngesihlungi). I-New Millennium Concepts inikezela ngobakaki abangamayintshi angu-5 ukuze kube lula ukufaka izibuko ngaphansi kwepayipi elikhulu le-Berkey, kodwa laba babakaki zibiza kakhulu futhi bengeza ubude kuyunithi evele ende.
Umbhali we-Wirecutter owake waba ne-Big Berkey wabhala ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe: “Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi idivayisi inkulu ngendlela ehlekisayo, ithange eliphezulu lingagcwala ngokweqile uma ukhohlwa ukuthulula ithange elingaphansi. isindayo esincane futhi esikhulu futhi iqala ukuhlunga ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke kuzodingeka usiphakamise ukuze uvule isikhala sesihlungi sekhabhoni (eside futhi esithambile) bese usifaka kusinki ongezansi ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuvuzela phansi noma kwikhawunta. “
Omunye umhleli we-Wirecutter wayeneBig Berkey (enesihlungi se-ceramic esingashintshwa senkampani) kodwa wayeka ukusisebenzisa ngokushesha. “Kwakuyisipho esivela kumngane wami womshado ngoba ngabona omunye kubo kamngane wami ngase ngicabanga ukuthi amanzi aphuma ayenambitheka ngempela,” usho kanje. “Ukuhlala nomuntu oyedwa kwakuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele. Indawo yekhawunta, kokubili evundlile nangokuqondile, yayinkulu futhi ingalungile. Futhi usinki wekhishi esasihlala kuwo wawumncane kangangokuthi kwakuwumsebenzi onzima ukuwuhlanza.”
Siphinde sibone abanikazi abaningi bekhononda ngokukhula kolwelwe namagciwane futhi, ngokuvamile, amafinyila kuma-Great Berkies abo. I-New Millenium Concepts iyayibona le nkinga futhi incoma ukungeza i-Berkey Biofilm Drops emanzini ahlungiwe. Lena inkinga engathi sína kangangokuba abathengisi abaningi be-Berkey banikele lonke ikhasi kuyo.
Abathengisi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ukukhula kwamagciwane kungaba yinkinga, kodwa ngokuvamile bathi kuzovela ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yokusetshenziswa, kodwa akunjalo ngabahleli bethu. Uthe kuqale esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka. “Amanzi anambitheka emuncu, futhi amagumbi aphezulu nangaphansi aqala ukunuka udaka. Ngiyihlanza kahle, ngihlanza izihlungi futhi ngizikhiphe ukuze ngifinyelele kukho konke ukuxhumana okuncane, futhi ngiqiniseke ukuthi ngigeza ingaphakathi lempompi. Cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa iphunga lamanzi laqala ukujwayela kwase kuba isikhunta futhi. Ngagcina ngimyekile uBirki futhi ngaphatheka kabi.”
Ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ulwelwe kanye ne-bacterial slime kusihlungi se-Black Berkey, hlanza indawo engaphezulu nge-Scotch-Brite, wenze okufanayo kumachibi angaphezulu nangaphansi, futhi ekugcineni usebenzise isisombululo se-bleach ngesihlungi. Kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu kokuthile okuklanyelwe ukwenza abantu bazizwe bevikelekile ngamanzi abo.
Uma ukukhathalela ukulungela inhlekelele futhi ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unamanzi ahlanzekile atholakalayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo, sincoma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokugcina amanzi kumhlahlandlela wethu Wokulungiselela Isimo Esiphuthumayo. Uma ufuna nje isihlungi esihle samanzi kampompi, sincoma ukuthi ufune isihlungi esiqinisekisiwe se-NSF/ANSI, esifana neziqondiso zethu Ezinhlelweni Zokuhlunga Zamanzi Ezingcono Kakhulu kanye Nezihlungi Zamanzi Ezingcono Kakhulu Ngaphansi Kosinki.
Izihlungi eziningi zamandla adonsela phansi zisebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezihlukene ukuze zisuse ukungcola emanzini. Izikhangisi zekhabhoni ezicushiwe noma zibopha ngamakhemikhali izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa amafutha nezincibilikisi ezisekelwe ku-petroleum, izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi kanye nemithi eminingi. Ama-resin okushintshanisa i-ion asusa izinsimbi eziningi ezincibilikisiwe emanzini, esikhundleni sezinsimbi ezinzima ezinobuthi (njengomthofu, i-mercury ne-cadmium) ngezinsimbi ezilula, eziningi ezingenabungozi (njenge-sodium, ingxenye eyinhloko kasawoti wetafula).
Ukukhethwa kwethu kwezihlungi ze-pitcher (kusuka e-Brita) nezihlungi ezingaphansi kukasinki (kusuka ku-3M Filtrete) zidalwe ngale ndlela. I-New Millennium Concepts ayivezi ukuthi isihlungi se-Black Berkey senziwe ngani, kodwa abathengisi abambalwa bayawuncoma umklamo waso, okuhlanganisa ne-TheBerkey.com: “Isici sethu sesihlungi se-Black Berkey senziwe ngenhlanganisela yobunikazi yemidiya ehlukene engaphezu kweyisithupha. Ifomula iqukethe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ikhabhoni yegobolondo likakhukhunathi yekhwalithi ephezulu, yonke eshumekwe ku-matrix ehlangene equkethe izigidi zezimbotshana ezincane kakhulu.” Lapho sisika sibe izihlungi ezimnyama ze-Black Berkey, zazenziwe ngama-ion afakiwe aqukethe amabhulokhi ekhabhoni acushiwe ashintshisana ngenhlaka. UJamie Young uyakuqinisekisa lokhu okuphawuliwe.
U-Tim Heffernan ungumbhali ophezulu onguchwepheshe bezinga lomoya nelamanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla asekhaya. Owake waba negalelo ku-The Atlantic, Popular Mechanics namanye amamagazini kazwelonke, wajoyina i-Wirecutter ngo-2015. Unamabhayisikili amathathu kanye namagiya ayiziro.
Lezi zihlungi zamanzi, izimbiza kanye nama-dispensers ziqinisekisiwe ukuze zisuse ukungcola futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza ekhaya lakho.
Ngemva kokuhlola imithombo yamanzi yezilwane ezifuywayo engu-13 (nokuguqula eyodwa ibe ithoyizi lokuhlafunwa), sithole ukuthi Umthombo Wembali Yekati ungcono kakhulu kumakati amaningi (nezinye izinja).
I-Wirecutter iyisevisi yokuncoma imikhiqizo ye-New York Times. Izintatheli zethu zihlanganisa ucwaningo oluzimele (kwesinye isikhathi) nokuhlola okunzima ukukusiza wenze isinqumo sokuthenga ngokushesha nangokuzethemba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna imikhiqizo yekhwalithi noma ufuna iseluleko esiwusizo, sizokusiza uthole izimpendulo ezifanele (okokuqala).