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Izihlungi zamanzi zeBig Berkey zinabalandeli abaningi. Sekuyiminyaka sicwaninga ngama-pitchers amahle kakhulu ezihlungi zamanzi kanye nezihlungi zamanzi ezingaphansi kwesinki ezingcono kakhulu, futhi sesibuzwe kaningi ngeBig Berkey. Umenzi uthi lesi sihlungi singasusa ukungcola okuningi kunezinye izihlungi. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izinketho zethu zokuhlunga, iBig Berkey ayiqinisekisiwe ngokuzimela ngokwezindinganiso ze-NSF/ANSI.
Ngemva kwamahora angu-50 ocwaningo kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu okuzimele kwezimangalo zomkhiqizi iBig Berkey, imiphumela yethu yokuhlolwa, kanye nemiphumela yelebhu enye esikhulume nayo kanye nelebhu yesithathu imiphumela yayo etholakala emphakathini, ayihambisani ngokuphelele. Sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuqhubeka nokubonisa ukubaluleka kwesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI: kuvumela abantu ukuthi benze izinqumo zokuthenga ngokusekelwe ekuqhathanisweni kokusebenza okuthembekile phakathi kwama-apula nama-apula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba uhlelo lweBig Berkey lukhulu, lubiza kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukulunakekela kunezimbiza nezihlungi ezingaphansi kwesinki, besingeke siluncome noma ngabe luqinisekisiwe.
Izinhlelo ze-countertop ze-Berkey kanye nezihlungi zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinketho zokuhlunga amanzi futhi azilula ukuzisebenzisa. Izimangalo zokusebenza zabakhiqizi aziqinisekisiwe ngokuzimela ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke.
I-New Millennium Concepts, umenzi we-Big Berkey, ithi isihlungi singasusa ukungcola okungaphezu kwekhulu, okungaphezu kakhulu kwezinye izihlungi ezisebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi esizibuyekezile. Sivivinye lezi zimangalo ngezinga elilinganiselwe, futhi imiphumela yethu yayingahambisani njalo nemiphumela yelabhorethri ethunyelwe yi-New Millennium. Ngokuqondile, imiphumela evela elabhorethri esayithumele kanye nelebhorethri i-New Millennium eyayisanda kuyiqasha ibonise ukuthi ukuhlunga kwe-chloroform kwakungasebenzi kahle njengokuhlolwa kwesithathu kwangaphambilini (okwabikwa nasezincwadini zomkhiqizo ze-New Millennium).
Akukho ukuhlolwa esikukhulumayo lapha (ukuhlolwa kwethu noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Envirotek noma ukuhlolwa kwenkontileka ye-Los Angeles County Laboratory's New Millennium) okuhlangabezana nobunzima bokuhlolwa kwe-NSF/ANSI. Ngokukhethekile, i-NSF/ANSI yayifuna ukuthi uhlobo lwesihlungi olusetshenziswa yiBerkey kumele ludlule kabili umthamo olinganiselwe wesihlungi lapho kulinganiswa khona amanzi angcolile ngaphambi kokuthatha izilinganiso. Ngenkathi zonke izivivinyo esizivumelanisa ne-New Millennium, ngokwazi kwethu, ziphelele futhi zingochwepheshe, ngasinye sisebenzisa inqubo yaso, engadingi msebenzi omningi. Njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngezindinganiso ezigcwele ze-NSF/ANSI, asinayo indlela ecacile yokuqhathanisa imiphumela ngokunembile noma ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwesihlungi se-Burkey nalokho esikuhlolile esikhathini esidlule.
Indawo eyodwa lapho wonke umuntu avumelana khona kwakuwukususa i-lead emanzini okuphuza, okubonisa ukuthi i-Big Berkey yenze umsebenzi omuhle wokususa izinsimbi ezisindayo. Ngakho-ke uma unenkinga eyaziwayo nge-lead noma ezinye izinsimbi emanzini akho, kungase kube kuhle ukubheka i-Big Berks njengesinyathelo sesikhashana.
Ngaphezu kobunzima bokuqhathanisa imiphumela yelabhorethri ephikisanayo, i-New Millennium Concepts ayizange iphendule izicelo eziningi zezingxoxo ukuze kuxoxwe ngemiphumela yethu. Sekukonke, imibiko yethu isinika ukuqonda okungacacile ngezinhlelo zikaBerkey, okuyinto engenjalo ngabanye abakhiqizi abaningi bezihlungi.
Ekuhlungeni amanzi kwansuku zonke, izihlungi eziningi ze-pitcher kanye ne-under-sink eziqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI zincane, zilula kakhulu, zishibhile ukuzithenga nokuzinakekela, futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Ziphinde zinikeze umthwalo wemfanelo ohambisana nokuhlolwa okuzimele nokusobala.
Khumbula ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zamanzi zikamasipala ziphephile ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuthi wazi ukuthi kunenkinga endaweni, cishe ngeke udinge ukuhluzwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Uma ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo kuyinto ekhathazayo kakhulu kuwe, cabanga ngamathiphu avela kumhlahlandlela wethu wokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo, ohlanganisa imikhiqizo namathiphu okugcina amanzi ahlanzekile etholakala kalula.
Kusukela ngo-2016, ngibe ngumqondisi wethu wezihlungi zamanzi, okuhlanganisa ama-pitcher kanye nezinhlelo zangaphansi kwesinki. UJohn Holecek ungumcwaningi wangaphambilini we-NOAA obelokhu esenza ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomoya namanzi kithi kusukela ngo-2014. Wakhiqiza izixazululo zokuhlola futhi wasebenza nama-lab azimele egameni le-Wirecutter ukubhala lo mhlahlandlela kanye nomhlahlandlela wezihlungi zama-pitcher. I-EnviroMatrix Analytical ivunyelwe yi-California Department of Public Health ukuhlola amanzi okuphuza njalo.
Izinhlelo zokuhlunga zeBig Berkey kanye nezinhlelo ezifanayo ezivela ku-Alexapure kanye ne-ProOne (eyayikade i-Propur) zithandwa kakhulu kubantu abathembele emanzini omthombo, okungase kube nezinto ezingcolisayo ebezizosuswa yizikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi zikamasipala. IBurkey inabalandeli abaningi phakathi kochwepheshe bokulungela izinhlekelele kanye nabangabazi bakahulumeni. 1 Abathengisi baseBerkey bakhangisa lezi zinhlelo njengamadivayisi okuphepha okuphuthumayo, futhi ngokwezilinganiso ezithile banganikeza amanzi okuphuza ahlungiwe kubantu abangafika ku-170 ngosuku.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu sokuba nentshisekelo ku-Berkey noma kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokuhlunga amanzi, kumelwe sigcizelele ukuthi amanzi amaningi kamasipala e-United States ahlanzekile kakhulu kwasekuqaleni. Akukho sihlungi esingasusa ukungcola okungakabi khona kakade, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuthi unenkinga eyaziwayo, cishe ngeke udinge isihlungi nhlobo.
Abenzi be-Big Berkey bathi le divayisi ingasusa ukungcola okungaphezu kwekhulu (okuningi kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi esinye isihlungi esisihlolile). Njengoba lesi sihlungi singaqinisekisiwe yi-NSF/ANSI (ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izihlungi esizincomayo kwezinye iziqondiso), asinaso isisekelo esiqinile sokusiqhathanisa nezinye izihlungi esizihlolile esikhathini esidlule. Ngakho-ke sanquma ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuzimele ukuze sizame ukuphinda eminye yale miphumela.
Ukuze avivinye lezi zimangalo, njengasesivivinyweni sebhokisi, uJohn Holecek walungisa lokho akubiza ngokuthi “izixazululo zezinkinga” futhi wazisebenzisa ohlelweni lweBig Berkey (olunezihlungi zeBlack Berkey). Wabe esethumela amasampula esixazululo namanzi ahlungiwe ku-EnviroMatrix Analytical, ilabhorethri ezimele evunyelwe yiSifundazwe saseCalifornia, ukuze ahlaziywe. Ukuze enze isivivinyo seBig Burkey, walungisa izixazululo ezimbili: esinye esiqukethe inani elikhulu lomthofu oncibilikisiwe, kanti esinye siqukethe i-chloroform. Zizonikeza umbono wokusebenza kahle kwesihlungi maqondana nezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye namakhemikhali e-organic.
UJohn walungisa amasampula okulawula ukuze ahlangabezane noma adlule amazinga okungcola achazwe kusitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI (150 µg/L ye-lead kanye no-300 µg/L we-chloroform). Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kodayi be-Berkey (ividiyo), ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi sifakiwe futhi sisebenza kahle, wasebenzisa igaloni lesisombululo esingcolile nge-Berkey walahla i-filtrate (amanzi nanoma yini enye edlula esihlungini). Ukuze alinganise isisombululo esingcolile, wahlunga amagaloni amabili oketshezi nge-Burkey, wasusa isampula yokulawula kwigaloni lesibili, waqoqa amasampula amabili okuhlola e-filtrate kuyo. Amasampula okulawula nokuvuza athunyelwa ku-EnviroMatrix Analytical ukuze ahlolwe. Ngenxa yokuthi i-chloroform iyashintshashintsha kakhulu futhi "ifuna" ukuhwamuka futhi ihlangane nezinye izinto ezikhona, uJohn uxuba i-chloroform esixazululweni esingcolile ngaphambi nje kokuhlunga.
I-EnviroMatrix Analytical isebenzisa i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ukukala i-chloroform kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo (noma ama-VOC). Okuqukethwe kwe-lead kukalwe kusetshenziswa i-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ngokusho kwe-EPA Method 200.8.
Imiphumela ye-EnviroMatrix Analytical iphikisana kancane futhi isekela ngokwengxenye izimangalo ze-New Millennium. Izihlungi ezimnyama ze-Berkey azisebenzi kahle ekususeni i-chloroform. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokunciphisa i-lead. (Bheka isigaba esilandelayo ukuthola imiphumela ephelele.)
Sabelane ngemiphumela yethu yelebhu noJamie Young, isazi samakhemikhali kanye nomnikazi/umqhubi welebhu yokuhlola amanzi enelayisensi yaseNew Jersey (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Envirotek ngaleso sikhathi) elawulwa yi-New Millennium Concepts (umdali wesistimu ye-Big Berkey) eyaqaliswa ngo-2014. Ukuhlolwa kwakho. Lesi isihlungi se-Black Berkey. 2 Young uqinisekise okutholakele kwethu nge-chloroform kanye ne-lead.
I-New Millennium ikhiphe ezinye izivivinyo esikhathini esidlule, okuhlanganisa neyodwa ngo-2012 eyenziwe yiLos Angeles County Agricultural Commissioner/Department of Weights and Measures Environmental Toxicology Laboratory; kulo mbiko, i-chloroform (PDF) empeleni ibhalwe njengeBlack Berkey ngokwezindinganiso zomnyango (i-EPA, hhayi enye yezinto ezingcolisayo ezisuswe yi-NSF/ANSI). Ngemva kokuhlolwa ngo-2012, umsebenzi we-toxicology wadluliselwa eMnyangweni Wezempilo Yomphakathi waseLos Angeles. Saxhumana ne-DPH futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi umbiko wokuqala wawunembile. Kodwa i-New Millennium ichaze ukuhlolwa kukaYoung "njengomjikelezo wakamuva" futhi imiphumela yakhe ibhalwe kamuva ku-Birkey Water Knowledge Base, i-New Millennium eyigcinayo ukuze ibhale imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi iphendule imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kwiwebhusayithi ezimele.
Izinqubo zokuhlola zeWirecutter, Young kanye neLos Angeles County azihambisani. Futhi njengoba kungekho neyodwa kuzo ehlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-NSF/ANSI, asinaso isisekelo esijwayelekile sokuqhathanisa imiphumela.
Ngakho-ke, umbono wethu jikelele ngohlelo lwe-Big Berkey awuncikile kakhulu emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwethu. I-Big Berkey kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ingabizi kakhulu kangangokuthi sincoma isihlungi se-canister esivamile esinikezwa amandla adonsela phansi kubafundi abaningi, yize i-Berkey yenza konke i-New Millennium ethi ingakwenza njengesihlungi.
Siphinde savula izihlungi ezimbalwa zeBlack Berkey ukuze sibone ukuthi zakhiwe kanjani futhi sithole ubufakazi bokuthi ziqukethe "okungenani" izakhi eziyisithupha ezahlukene zokuhlunga, njengoba kusho umnyango wokumaketha weBerkey. Sithole ukuthi yize isihlungi seBerkey sikhulu futhi siminyene kunezihlungi zeBrita ne-3M Filtrete, zibonakala zinendlela efanayo yokuhlunga: i-activated carbon efakwe i-resin yokushintshana kwe-ion.
Izinhlelo zokuhlunga zeBerkey ziwela esigabeni esikhulu sezihlungi ezisebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi. Lawa madivayisi alula asebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi ukudonsa amanzi avela ekamelweni eliphezulu ngesihlungi se-mesh esihle; amanzi ahlungiwe aqoqwa ekamelweni elingezansi futhi angasatshalaliswa esuka lapho. Lena indlela ephumelelayo nesetshenziswa kabanzi, lapho izihlungi ze-canister ziyisibonelo esivamile.
Izihlungi zeBerkey zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi okuphuza angcoliswe yi-lead. Ekuhlolweni kwethu, banciphise amazinga e-lead kusuka ku-170 µg/L kuya ku-0.12 µg/L kuphela, okudlula kakhulu imfuneko yesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI yokunciphisa amazinga e-lead kusuka ku-150 µg/L kuya ku-10 µg/L noma ngaphansi.
Kodwa ekuhlolweni kwethu nge-chloroform, isihlungi se-Black Berkey asizange senze kahle, sanciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-chloroform kwesampula yokuhlola ngo-13% kuphela, kusukela ku-150 µg/L kuya ku-130 µg/L. I-NSF/ANSI idinga ukwehliswa okungu-95% kusuka ku-300 µg/L kuya ku-15 µg/L noma ngaphansi. (Isixazululo sethu sokuhlola salungiselelwa ngokwezinga le-NSF/ANSI elingu-300 µg/L, kodwa ukuguquguquka kwe-chloroform kusho ukuthi yakha ngokushesha ama-compound amasha noma iyahwamuka, ngakho-ke ukuhlushwa kwayo kwehla ku-150 µg/L uma kuhlolwa. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-EnviroMatrix Analytical nakho kubamba (amanye ama-compound aguquguqukayo e-organic angakhiqizwa yi-chloroform, ngakho-ke sikholelwa ukuthi imiphumela inembile.) UJamie Young, unjiniyela wokuhlola amanzi onelayisensi waseNew Jersey owenze umjikelezo wakamuva wokuhlola we-New Millennium Concepts, naye wenze kabi nge-chloroform evela kusihlungi se-Black Berkey.
Kodwa-ke, i-New Millennium Concepts ithi ebhokisini lokuhlunga ukuthi isihlungi se-Black Berkey sinciphisa i-chloroform ngo-99.8% sibe “ngaphansi kwemikhawulo etholakala elebhu.” (Leli nani libonakala lisekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa eyenziwe yi-Los Angeles County Laboratory ngo-2012. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa [PDF] iyatholakala esisekelweni solwazi lwe-Berkey Water, exhunywe (kodwa hhayi ingxenye) yesayithi eliyinhloko le-Berkey.)
Ukuze kucace, thina, i-Envirotek, noma iLos Angeles County asikaze siphinde yonke inqubo ye-NSF/ANSI Standard 53 esetshenziselwa izihlungi zamandla adonsela phansi njenge-Black Berkey.
Esimweni sethu, senze ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ngemuva kokuba ama-Black Berkeys ehlunge amalitha amaningana esisombululo esilungisiwe ukuze afinyelele ekugxilweni kwereferensi ye-NSF/ANSI. Kodwa isitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI sidinga izihlungi ezisebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi ukuze zimelane nomthamo wazo wokugeleza ophindwe kabili ngaphambi kokuhlola. Ku-Black Berkey filter, lokho kusho amalitha ayi-6,000.
Njengathi, uJamie Young walungisa ikhambi lokuhlola ku-NSF/ANSI Standard 53, kodwa alizange lidlule kuphrothokholi ephelele ye-Standard 53, eyayidinga amalitha angu-6,000 esisombululo esingcolisayo esisetshenziswa yi-Black Berries ukuze sidlule ku-filter. Ubike ukuthi ekuhlolweni kwakhe, i-filter nayo yenze kahle nge-lead, okuqinisekisile okutholakele kithi. Kodwa-ke, uthe ayisahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokususa i-NSF ngemuva kokuhlunga amalitha angaba ngu-1,100—okungaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ze-New Millennium's ezithi impilo yamalitha angu-3,000 yezihlungi ze-Black Berkey.
I-Los Angeles County ilandela inqubo ehlukile ye-EPA lapho isampula eyodwa kuphela yamalitha ama-2 yesisombululo sesampula idlula khona esihlungini. Ngokungafani nathi noYoung, isifunda sithole ukuthi isihlungi se-Black Berkey sisuse i-chloroform ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga, kulokhu kungaphezu kuka-99.8%, kusuka ku-250 µg/L kuya ngaphansi kuka-0.5 µg/L.
Imiphumela engaguquki evela ekuhlolweni kwethu uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo evela kumalebhu amabili agunyazwe yiBurkey isenza singabaze ukuncoma lesi sihlungi, ikakhulukazi uma ungathola ezinye izinketho eziqinisekiswe ngokuzimela eziphendula yonke le mibuzo evulekile.
Sekukonke, ulwazi lwethu lokuhlola lusekela isikhundla sethu: sincoma izihlungi zamanzi ezinesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI, kuyilapho i-Berkey ingenaso isitifiketi esinjalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amazinga esitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI aqinile kakhulu futhi asobala: noma ubani angawafunda kuwebhusayithi ye-NSF. Amalabhorethri azimele avunyelwe ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI nawo avunyelwe ngokuphelele. Lapho sibhala ngalo mhlahlandlela, sikhulume ne-NSF futhi sathola ukuthi kuzobiza imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1 zamaRandi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi kwazo zonke izinto i-New Millennium Concepts ethi isihlungi se-Black Berkey siyasisusa. I-New Millennium ithe ikholelwa ukuthi isitifiketi se-NSF asidingeki, ikhomba izindleko njengesinye isizathu esingakakwenzi ukuhlolwa.
Kodwa noma ngabe ukusebenza kokuhlunga kwangempela kunjani, kunezinkinga zangempela ezanele ngalesi sihlungi kangangokuthi kulula ngathi ukuncoma enye yezinketho zethu zokuhlunga amanzi ngaphambi kokuncoma i-Big Berkey. Okokuqala, uhlelo lwe-Berkey lubiza kakhulu ukuthenga nokunakekela kunanoma yisiphi isihlungi esisincomayo. Ngokungafani nezihlungi esizincomayo, i-Berkey inkulu futhi iyakhanga. Yenzelwe ukubekwa phezu kwetafula. Kodwa njengoba ingamasentimitha angu-19 ubude, ngeke ilingane ngaphansi kwamakhabethe amaningi odongeni, avame ukufakwa ngamasentimitha angu-18 ngaphezu kwekhawunta. I-Berkey nayo iphakeme kakhulu ukuthi ilingane nezimo eziningi zesiqandisi. Ngale ndlela, cishe ngeke ugcine amanzi e-Berkey ebanda (okuyinto elula ukuyenza ngokukhetha komkhumbi wethu ngesihlungi). I-New Millennium Concepts inikeza ibhulakhethi elingamasentimitha angu-5 ukwenza kube lula ukufaka ama-goggles ngaphansi kwepayipi le-Big Berkey, kodwa la mabhulakhethi abiza kakhulu futhi engeza ukuphakama kuyunithi ende kakade.
Umlobi we-Wirecutter owayene-Big Berkey wabhala ngalokho abhekane nakho: “Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi idivayisi inkulu ngendlela exakile, ithangi eliphezulu lingagcwala kalula uma ukhohlwa ukuthulula ithangi elingezansi. Lisinda kancane futhi likhulu futhi liqala ukuhlunga ngokushesha. Ngakho kuzodingeka uliphakamise ukuze wenze isikhala sesihlungi sekhabhoni (eside futhi esithambile) bese usifaka kusinki elingezansi ngaphambi kokuba liqale ukuvuza phansi noma ekhawunteni.”
Omunye umhleli we-Wirecutter wayene-Big Berkey (enesihlungi se-ceramic esingashintshwa senkampani) kodwa wayeka ukuyisebenzisa ngokushesha. “Kwakuyisipho esivela kumlingani wami ngoba ngibone eyodwa endlini yomngane wami futhi ngacabanga ukuthi amanzi aphumayo anambitheka kahle kakhulu,” kusho yena. “Ukuhlala nenye kwakuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele. Indawo yekhawunta, kokubili evundlile naphezulu, yayinkulu futhi ingahambi kahle. Futhi isinki yekhishi esasihlala kuyo yayincane kangangokuthi kwakuwumsebenzi onzima ukuyihlanza.”
Sibona futhi abanikazi abaningi bekhalaza ngokukhula kwe-algae namabhaktheriya, futhi ngokuvamile, i-mucus kuma-Great Berkies abo. I-New Millenium Concepts iyayibona le nkinga futhi incoma ukungeza ama-Berkey Biofilm Drops emanzini ahlungiwe. Lena yinkinga enkulu kangangokuthi abathengisi abaningi baseBerkey banikezele ikhasi lonke kuyo.
Abathengisi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ukukhula kwamagciwane kungaba yinkinga, kodwa bavame ukuthi kuzovela ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yokusetshenziswa, kodwa akunjalo ngabahleli bethu. “Kwaqala kungakapheli unyaka,” kusho yena. “Amanzi anambitheka njengodaka, futhi amakamelo aphezulu naphansi aqala ukunuka njengodaka. Ngiyawahlanza kahle, ngihlanze izihlungi bese ngizisusa ukuze ngifinyelele kuzo zonke izixhumi ezincane, futhi ngiqiniseke ukuthi ngigeza ingaphakathi lempompi. Cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa iphunga lamanzi laba yinto evamile bese liphinda likhunta. Ngagcina ngimise uBirki futhi ngazizwa kabi.”
Ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ulwelwe kanye ne-slime yamagciwane kusihlungi se-Black Berkey, hlanza indawo nge-Scotch-Brite, yenza okufanayo ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi eziphezulu nezingezansi, bese ekugcineni usebenzisa isixazululo se-bleach ngesihlungi. Kudinga ukulungiswa okukhulu kwento eyenzelwe ukwenza abantu bazizwe bephephile ngamanzi abo.
Uma ukhathalela ukulungela izinhlekelele futhi ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unamanzi ahlanzekile atholakalayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo, sincoma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokugcina amanzi kuMhlahlandlela wethu Wokulungela Izimo Eziphuthumayo. Uma ufuna nje isihlungi samanzi ompompi esihle, sincoma ukuthi ufune isihlungi esiqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI, njengeziqondiso zethu ze-Best Water Filter Pitchers kanye ne-Best Under Sink Water Filters.
Izihlungi eziningi zamandla adonsela phansi zisebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezihlukene ukususa ukungcola emanzini. I-carbon esebenzayo imunca noma ibophe ngamakhemikhali amakhemikhali e-organic, okuhlanganisa uphethiloli kanye nezinyibilikisi ezisekelwe kuphethiloli, izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi kanye nemithi eminingi yemithi. Ama-resin okushintshana kwe-ion asusa izinsimbi eziningi ezincibilikisiwe emanzini, athathe indawo yezinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuthi (njenge-lead, i-mercury kanye ne-cadmium) ngezinsimbi ezisindayo ezilula, ikakhulukazi ezingenangozi (njenge-sodium, ingxenye eyinhloko kasawoti wetafula).
Ukukhetha kwethu izihlungi ze-pitcher (ezivela eBrita) kanye nezihlungi ezingaphansi kwesinki (ezivela ku-3M Filtrete) zaklanywa ngale ndlela. I-New Millennium Concepts ayivezi ukuthi isihlungi se-Black Berkey senziwe ngani, kodwa abathengisi abaningana bancoma ukwakheka kwaso, okuhlanganisa ne-TheBerkey.com: “Isici sethu sesihlungi se-Black Berkey senziwe ngenhlanganisela ekhethekile yemidiya engaphezu kweyisithupha ehlukene. Le fomula inezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ne-carbon shell shell yekhwalithi ephezulu, konke kufakwe ku-matrix encane kakhulu equkethe izigidi zezimbobo ezincane.” Lapho sisika izihlungi ze-Black Berkey ezimbili, zazakhiwe ngama-ion afakwe ngaphakathi aqukethe amabhlogo e-carbon asebenzayo ashintshana nge-resin. UJamie Young uqinisekisa lokhu okuphawuliwe.
UTim Heffernan ungumbhali omkhulu ogxile kwikhwalithi yomoya namanzi kanye nokonga amandla ekhaya. Njengomuntu owayefaka isandla kumagazini i-Atlantic, i-Popular Mechanics kanye neminye imagazini kazwelonke, wajoyina i-Wirecutter ngo-2015. Unamabhayisikili amathathu futhi akasebenzi.
Lezi zihlungi zamanzi, ama-pitcher kanye nezihlikihli zamanzi ziqinisekiswe ukususa ukungcola nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza ekhaya lakho.
Ngemva kokuhlola imithombo yamanzi yezilwane ezifuywayo engu-13 (nokuguqula eyodwa ibe yithoyizi lokuhlafuna), sithole ukuthi uMthombo Wezimbali Zamakati ungcono kakhulu kumakati amaningi (kanye nezinja ezithile).
I-Wirecutter iyisevisi yokuncoma umkhiqizo ye-New York Times. Izintatheli zethu zihlanganisa ucwaningo oluzimele nokuhlola okuqinile (ngezinye izikhathi) ukukusiza wenze isinqumo sokuthenga ngokushesha nangokuzethemba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu noma ufuna iseluleko esiwusizo, sizokusiza ukuthola izimpendulo ezifanele (okokuqala).