Insimu yokuhlanzwa kwamanzi eshintsha ngokushesha ilungele ukuthuthuka okusha maduze. Njengoba kukhuliswa ukukhathazeka ngekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nesidingo sezixazululo eziqhubekayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlanzi zamanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuthembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile naphephile.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe kuguqule izihlanzi zamanzi zendabuko zaba amadivayisi ahlakaniphile nasebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye ne-Internet of Things (IoT) kuvule indlela yezihlanzi zamanzi ezihlakaniphile ezingaqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi, zihlaziye idatha, futhi zizilungisele izinqubo zokuhlunga ukuze zisebenze kahle.

Enye yentuthuko ebalulekile eqhuba ikusasa lezihlanzi zamanzi ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo, njenge-graphene oxide nama-carbon nanotubes, zibonisa izakhiwo ezihlukile ezivumela amakhono okuhlunga athuthukisiwe. Lezi zindwangu zokuhlunga ezithuthukisiwe zingasusa ngempumelelo ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu ezingcolisayo, njengezinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-microplastics, kanye nezinsalela zemithi, zinikeze amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile futhi anempilo.

Elinye ithemba elijabulisayo lisekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela zokuhlunga ezinobungani nemvelo nezisimeme. Izihlanzi zamanzi zendabuko zivame ukukhiqiza imfucuza ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlunga. Kodwa-ke, izihlanzi zamanzi zesikhathi esizayo ziyaklanywa kucatshangelwa izindlela ezinobungani nemvelo. Isibonelo, amanye amamodeli afaka imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengamaphaneli elanga noma ukusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic, ukuze kunikezwe amandla inqubo yokuhlunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu okuhlunga athuthukile, kufaka phakathi i-reverse osmosis kanye ne-oxidation ethuthukisiwe, ayahlolwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukumosheka kwamanzi ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuhlanzwa okufanele.

Ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuyinto ekhathaza umhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude noma ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kuthuthukiswa izihlanzi zamanzi eziphathekayo nezincane ukuze zisetshenziswe kalula ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Lawa madivayisi amancane, ahlonyiswe ngezindlela zokuhlunga eziphumelelayo, angahlanza amanzi ngokushesha emithonjeni etholakalayo njengemifula, amachibi, noma ngisho namanzi angcolile, okuhlinzeka ngomthombo wokuphila kulabo abawadingayo.

Ikusasa lezihlanzi zamanzi aligcini nje ngokukhawulelwa emakhaya noma ezimweni eziphuthumayo, kodwa futhi lidlulela nasezinhlelweni zokuhlanza ezinkulu. Omasipala kanye nezimboni batshala imali ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi ezithuthukisiwe ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga obusezingeni eliphezulu, obukwazi ukuphatha amanzi amaningi ngenkathi bugcina amazinga okuhlanza aphezulu. Izinhlelo ezinjalo ezinkulu zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni amanzi ahlanzekile emiphakathini yonke kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni.

Nakuba ikusasa labahlanzi bamanzi linamandla amakhulu, kubalulekile ukubhekana nezinselele ezifana nokufinyeleleka kalula. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko, kanye nokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kubalulekile ekwehliseni izindleko nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwamanzi ahlanzekile kubo bonke.

Njengoba simi emngceleni wenkathi entsha kwezobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi, umbono wezwe lapho amanzi okuphuza aphephile futhi ahlanzekile etholakala khona kabanzi useduze. Abacwaningi, onjiniyela, kanye nabasunguli bezinto ezintsha emhlabeni wonke basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze bacindezele imingcele yalokho okungenzeka, badale ikusasa lapho izinto zokuhlanza amanzi zingewona nje amathuluzi kodwa ziwumsebenzi obalulekile ekulondolozeni impilo nenhlalakahle yesintu.