Inkambu ethuthukayo yokuhlanzwa kwamanzi isilungele intuthuko enkulu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ngokukhula kokukhathazeka ngekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nesidingo sezisombululo ezisimeme, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuhlanza amanzi esezingeni eliphezulu kuthembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile naphephile.

Eminyakeni yakamuva, izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ziguqule izihlanzi zamanzi zendabuko zibe izisetshenziswa ezihlakaniphile nezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (i-AI) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) kuvule indlela yezihlanzi zamanzi ezihlakaniphile ezingaqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi, zihlaziye idatha, futhi zizilungise ngokwakho izinqubo zokuhlunga ukuze zisebenze kahle.

Enye yentuthuko ebalulekile eqhuba ikusasa labahlanza amanzi ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology. Ama-Nanomatadium, njenge-graphene oxide ne-carbon nanotubes, abonisa izici ezihlukile ezinika amandla amandla okuhlunga athuthukisiwe. Lezi zingqimba ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlunga zingasusa ngempumelelo ngisho nezingcolisi ezincane kakhulu, njengezinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-microplastics, nezinsalela zemithi, zinikeze amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile nanempilo.

Elinye ithemba elithokozisayo lilele ekwamukelweni kwezindlela zokuhlunga ezilungele imvelo nezisimeme. Izihlanzi zamanzi zendabuko zivame ukukhiqiza udoti phakathi nenqubo yokuhlunga. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokuhlanza amanzi zesikhathi esizayo ziklanywa kucatshangelwa izindlela ezihambisana nemvelo. Isibonelo, amanye amamodeli ahlanganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengamaphaneli elanga noma ukusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic, ukunika amandla inqubo yokuhlunga. Ukwengeza, amasu okuhlunga athuthukile, okuhlanganisa i-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-oxidation ethuthukisiwe, ayahlolwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukumoshakala kwamanzi kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ukuhlanzeka okuphelele.

Ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuyinto ekhathaza umhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude noma ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo. Ukubhekana nalolu daba, izinto zokuhlanza amanzi eziphathwayo nezihlangene ziyathuthukiswa ukuze zisetshenziswe kalula ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Le mishini emincane, efakwe izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuhlunga, ingahlanza ngokushesha amanzi emithonjeni etholakalayo efana nemifula, amachibi, noma ngisho namanzi angcolile, inikeze usizo kulabo abaswele.

Ikusasa labahlanzi bamanzi aligcini nje kuphela ezindlini noma ezimeni eziphuthumayo, kodwa lidlulela nasezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokuhlanza amanzi. Omasipala nezimboni batshala izimali ezikhungweni zokuhlanza amanzi ezithuthukisiwe ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokucwenga, ezikwazi ukuphatha amanzi amaningi kuyilapho zigcina izindinganiso zokuhlanza eziphakeme. Lezo zinhlelo ezinkulu zizodlala indima enkulu ekuhlinzekeni ngamanzi ahlanzekile kuyo yonke imiphakathi kanye nokubhekelela izidingo zezimboni.

Nakuba ikusasa lezinto zokuhlanza amanzi linamandla amakhulu, kubalulekile ukubhekana nezinselele ezifana nokufinyeleleka nokufinyeleleka. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nentuthuko, kanye nokusebenzisana namazwe ngamazwe, kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izindleko kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile kubo bonke.

Njengoba simi emngceleni wenkathi entsha yobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi, umbono wezwe lapho amanzi okuphuza aphephile nahlanzekile etholakala kabanzi ufinyeleleka. Abacwaningi, onjiniyela, nabasunguli bezinto ezintsha emhlabeni wonke basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukusunduza imingcele yalokho okungase kwenzeke, bakha ikusasa lapho izinto zokuhlanza amanzi zingezona nje izinto zikagesi kodwa amathuluzi abalulekile ekugcineni impilo nokuphila kahle kwesintu.