I-Osmosis iyisimo lapho amanzi ahlanzekile egeleza esuka kwisisombululo esincibilikisiwe ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi olungena kancane ukuya esixazululo esigxile kakhulu. I-Semi permeable isho ukuthi ulwelwesi luzovumela ama-molecule amancane nama-ion ukuthi adlule kuwo kodwa asebenze njengesithiyo kuma-molecule amakhulu noma izinto ezincibilikisiwe. I-Reverse Osmosis inqubo ye-Osmosis ngokuhlehla. Isixazululo esingagxili kakhulu sizoba nokuthambekela kwemvelo kokuthuthela kwisixazululo ngokugxila okuphezulu.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Reverse Osmosis System?

I-Reverse osmosis iyinqubo esusa ukungcola kwangaphandle, izinto eziqinile, ama-molecule amakhulu namaminerali emanzini ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi ukuze ikuphushe ngolwelwesi olukhethekile. Iwuhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi olusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa amanzi okuphuza, ukupheka nokunye okubalulekile okusetshenziselwe.

Uma kungekho ukucindezela kwamanzi, amanzi ahlanzekile (amanzi ane-concentration ephansi) ahlanzwa yi-osmosis azothuthela emanzini ngokugxila okuphezulu. Amanzi aphushwa nge-membrane ye-semipermeable. Lesi sihlungi solwelwesi sinezimbotshana eziningi, ezincane njengo-0.0001 microns, ezingasefa cishe u-99% wokungcola okufana namagciwane (cishe i-micron engu-1), intuthu kagwayi (0.07 micron_, amagciwane (0.02-0.04 micron), njll. Futhi kuphela ama-molecule amanzi ahlanzekile adlula kuwo.

Ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kwe-osmosis kungase kuhlunge wonke amaminerali awusizo adingwa imizimba yethu, kodwa kuwubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo nobufakazelwe ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile namsulwa, afanele ukuphuzwa. Uhlelo lwe-RO kufanele lunikeze iminyaka eminingi yamanzi ahlanzekile aphezulu, ukuze ukwazi ukuwaphuza ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

Kungani isisefo se-membrane sisebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni amanzi?

Ngokuvamile, izinto zokuhlanza amanzi ezithuthukisiwe kuze kube manje zihlukaniswa kakhulu zibe indlela yokuhlunga i-membrane engenawo ulwelwesi kanye nendlela yokuhlanza amanzi ye-osmosis ehlehlayo kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi.

Ukuhlunga okungenayo i-membrane kwenziwa kakhulu ngesihlungi se-carbon, esihluza kuphela ukunambitheka okubi, iphunga, i-chlorine, nezinye izinto eziphilayo emanzini ompompi. Izinhlayiya eziningi, njengezinto ezingaphili, izinsimbi ezisindayo, amakhemikhali emvelo nama-carcinogens, azikwazi ukususwa futhi zidlule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela yokuhlanza amanzi e-Reverse osmosis isebenzisa ulwelwesi iyindlela ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni yokuhlanza amanzi kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi lwamanzi olungena kancane olwenziwa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bobunjiniyela be-polymer. Kuyindlela yokuhlanza amanzi edlulayo futhi ihlukanise futhi isuse amaminerali ahlukahlukene angaphili, izinsimbi ezisindayo, amagciwane, amagciwane, amagciwane, nezinto ezikhipha imisebe equkethwe emanzini kampompi ukwenza amanzi amsulwa.

Umphumela wukuthi i-solute igcinwa ohlangothini olucindezelwe lwe-membrane futhi i-solvent ehlanzekile ivunyelwe ukudlulela kolunye uhlangothi. Ukuze "ikhethe", le membrane akufanele ivumele ama-molecule amakhulu noma ama-ion ngokusebenzisa ama-pores (izimbobo), kodwa kufanele ivumele izingxenye ezincane zesisombululo (njengama-molecule e-solvent, okungukuthi, amanzi, i-H2O) ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapha eCalifornia, lapho ubulukhuni buqinile emanzini kampompi. Ngakho-ke kungani ungawajabuleli amanzi ahlanzekile naphephile anesistimu ye-osmosis ehlehlayo?

Isihlungi seMembrane ye-R/O

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1950, uDkt. Sidney Loeb e-UCLA wenza i-reverse osmosis (RO) yasebenziseka ngokuthuthukisa, kanye ne-Srinivasa Sourirajan, ulwelwesi lwe-anisotropic olungapheliseki kancane. Ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis yokwenziwa luklanywe ngokukhethekile ulwelwesi olukwazi ukungena kancane olunezimbotshana ezingama-microns angu-0.0001, ingxenye eyisigidi yobukhulu bezinwele. Lolu lwelwesi luyisihlungi esikhethekile esenziwe ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela be-polymer okungekho ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kanye nama-bacterium namagciwane okungadlula kuwo.

Lapho ukucindezela kufakwa emanzini angcolile ukuze kudlule lolu lwelwesi olukhethekile, amakhemikhali anesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana, njengamanzi e-lime ancibilikisiwe emanzini, namakhemikhali anesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana anjengomcako, ancibilika emanzini, adlulela olwelwesini olungenasici olungenasici oluhlanzekile kuphela. amanzi esisindo esincane samangqamuzana nomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kanye neminonjana yamaminerali aphilayo. Aklanyelwe ukuthi akhishwe kulwelwesi ngomfutho wamanzi amasha angadluli kulwelwesi olungena kancane kancane futhi aqhubeke nokungena.

Umphumela wukuthi i-solute igcinwa ohlangothini olucindezelwe lwe-membrane futhi i-solvent ehlanzekile ivunyelwe ukudlulela kolunye uhlangothi. Ukuze "ikhethe", le membrane akufanele ivumele ama-molecule amakhulu noma ama-ion ngokusebenzisa ama-pores (izimbobo), kodwa kufanele ivumele izingxenye ezincane zesisombululo (njengama-molecule e-solvent, okungukuthi, amanzi, i-H2O) ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile.

Amangqamuzana, aqaliswa ngezinjongo zokwelapha, athuthukiselwe impi yezempi noma ukunikeza amasosha amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, angangcolisiwe, futhi aqhubeke nokuhlanza umchamo womkhathi oqoqwe lapho izenzakalo ezingalindelekile zenzeka phakathi nokuhlolwa komkhathi. Isetshenziselwa i-aerospace yamanzi okuphuza, futhi muva nje, izinkampani ezinkulu zeziphuzo zisebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini ezinkulu zokukhiqiza amabhodlela, futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlanza amanzi asendlini.