I-Osmosis iyisimo lapho amanzi ahlanzekile egeleza esuka kwisisombululo esincibilikisiwe ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi olungena kancane ukuya esixazululo esigxile kakhulu.I-Semi permeable isho ukuthi ulwelwesi luzovumela ama-molecule amancane nama-ion ukuthi adlule kuwo kodwa asebenze njengesithiyo kuma-molecule amakhulu noma izinto ezincibilikisiwe.I-Reverse Osmosis inqubo ye-Osmosis ngokuhlehla.Isixazululo esingagxili kakhulu sizoba nokuthambekela kwemvelo kokuthuthela kwisixazululo ngokugxila okuphezulu.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Reverse Osmosis System?

I-Reverse osmosis iyinqubo esusa ukungcola kwangaphandle, izinto eziqinile, ama-molecule amakhulu namaminerali emanzini ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi ukuze ikuphushe ngolwelwesi olukhethekile.Iwuhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi olusetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono amanzi okuphuza, ukupheka nokunye okubalulekile okusetshenziswayo.

Uma kungekho ukucindezela kwamanzi, amanzi ahlanzekile (amanzi ane-concentration ephansi) ahlanzwa yi-osmosis azothuthela emanzini ngokugxila okuphezulu.Amanzi aphushwa nge-membrane ye-semipermeable.Lesi sihlungi solwelwesi sinezimbotshana eziningi, ezincane njengo-0.0001 microns, ezingasefa cishe u-99% wokungcola okufana namagciwane (cishe i-micron engu-1), intuthu kagwayi (0.07 micron_, amagciwane (0.02-0.04 micron), njll. Futhi kuphela ama-molecule amanzi ahlanzekile adlula kuwo.

Ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kwe-osmosis kungase kuhlunge wonke amaminerali awusizo adingwa imizimba yethu, kodwa kuwubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo nobufakazelwe ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile namsulwa, afanele ukuphuzwa.Uhlelo lwe-RO kufanele lunikeze iminyaka eminingi yamanzi ahlanzekile aphezulu, ukuze ukwazi ukuwaphuza ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

Kungani isisefo se-membrane sisebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni amanzi?

Ngokuvamile, izinto zokuhlanza amanzi ezithuthukisiwe kuze kube manje zihlukaniswa kakhulu zibe indlela yokuhlunga i-membrane engenawo ulwelwesi kanye nendlela yokuhlanza amanzi ye-osmosis ehlehlayo kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi.

Ukuhlunga okungenayo i-membrane kwenziwa kakhulu ngesihlungi se-carbon, esihluza kuphela ukunambitheka okubi, iphunga, i-chlorine, nezinye izinto eziphilayo emanzini ompompi.Izinhlayiya eziningi, njengezinto ezingaphili, izinsimbi ezisindayo, amakhemikhali emvelo nama-carcinogens, azikwazi ukususwa futhi zidlule.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela yokuhlanza amanzi e-Reverse osmosis isebenzisa ulwelwesi iyindlela ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni yokuhlanza amanzi kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi lwamanzi olungena kancane olwenziwa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bobunjiniyela be-polymer.Kuyindlela yokuhlanza amanzi edlulayo futhi ihlukanise futhi isuse amaminerali ahlukahlukene angaphili, izinsimbi ezisindayo, amagciwane, amagciwane, amagciwane, nezinto ezikhipha imisebe equkethwe emanzini kampompi ukwenza amanzi amsulwa.

Umphumela wukuthi i-solute igcinwa ohlangothini olucindezelwe lwe-membrane futhi i-solvent ehlanzekile ivunyelwe ukudlulela kolunye uhlangothi.Ukuze "ikhethe", le membrane akufanele ivumele ama-molecule amakhulu noma ama-ion ngokusebenzisa ama-pores (izimbobo), kodwa kufanele ivumele izingxenye ezincane zesisombululo (njengama-molecule e-solvent, okungukuthi, amanzi, i-H2O) ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapha eCalifornia, lapho ubulukhuni buqinile emanzini kampompi.Ngakho-ke kungani ungawajabuleli amanzi ahlanzekile naphephile anesistimu ye-osmosis ehlehlayo?

Isihlungi seMembrane ye-R/O

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1950, uDkt. Sidney Loeb e-UCLA wenza i-reverse osmosis (RO) yasebenziseka ngokuthuthukisa, kanye ne-Srinivasa Sourirajan, ulwelwesi lwe-anisotropic olungapheliseki kancane.Ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis yokwenziwa luklanywe ngokukhethekile ulwelwesi olukwazi ukungena kancane olunezimbotshana ezingama-microns angu-0.0001, ingxenye eyisigidi yobukhulu bezinwele.Lolu lwelwesi luyisihlungi esikhethekile esenziwe ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela be-polymer okungekho ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kanye nama-bacterium namagciwane okungadlula kuwo.

Lapho ukucindezela kufakwa emanzini angcolile ukuze kudlule lolu lwelwesi olukhethekile, amakhemikhali anesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana, njengamanzi e-lime ancibilikisiwe emanzini, namakhemikhali anesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana anjengomcako, ancibilika emanzini, adlulela olwelwesini olungenasici olungenasici oluhlanzekile kuphela. amanzi esisindo esincane samangqamuzana nomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kanye neminonjana yamaminerali aphilayo.Aklanyelwe ukuthi akhishwe kulwelwesi ngomfutho wamanzi amasha angadluli kulwelwesi olungena kancane kancane futhi aqhubeke nokungena.

Umphumela wukuthi i-solute igcinwa ohlangothini olucindezelwe lwe-membrane futhi i-solvent ehlanzekile ivunyelwe ukudlulela kolunye uhlangothi.Ukuze "ikhethe", le membrane akufanele ivumele ama-molecule amakhulu noma ama-ion ngokusebenzisa ama-pores (izimbobo), kodwa kufanele ivumele izingxenye ezincane zesisombululo (njengama-molecule e-solvent, okungukuthi, amanzi, i-H2O) ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile.

Amangqamuzana, aqaliswa ngezinjongo zokwelapha, athuthukiselwe impi yezempi noma ukunikeza amasosha amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, angangcolisiwe, futhi aqhubeke nokuhlanza umchamo womkhathi oqoqwe lapho izenzakalo ezingalindelekile zenzeka phakathi nokuhlolwa komkhathi.Isetshenziselwa i-aerospace yamanzi okuphuza, futhi muva nje, izinkampani ezinkulu zeziphuzo zisebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini ezinkulu zokukhiqiza amabhodlela, futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlanza amanzi asendlini.